An Expanding Shell of Neutral Hydrogen Associated with SN 1006: Hints for the Single-Degenerate Origin and Faint Hadronic Gamma-Rays

Abstract

We report new HI observations of the Type Ia supernova remnant SN 1006 using the Australia Telescope Compact Array with an angular resolution of $4.5^{\prime }\times 1.4^{\prime }$ ($\sim$2 pc at the assumed SNR distance of 2.2 kpc). We find an expanding gas motion in position-velocity diagrams of HI with an expansion velocity of $\sim$4 km s${}^{-1}$ and a mass of $\sim$1000 $M_{\odot }$. The spatial extent of the expanding shell is roughly the same as that of SN 1006. We here propose a hypothesis that SN 1006 exploded inside the wind-blown bubble formed by accretion winds from the progenitor system consisting of a white dwarf and a companion star, and then the forward shock has already reached the wind wall. This scenario is consistent with the single-degenerate model. We also derived the total energy of cosmic-ray protons $W_{\mathrm{p}}$ to be only $\sim$1.2-$2.0\times 10^{47}$ erg by adopting the averaged interstellar proton density of $\sim$25 cm${}^{-3}$. The small value is compatible with the relation between the age and $W_{\mathrm{p}}$ of other gamma-ray supernova remnants with ages below $\sim$6 kyr. The $W_{\mathrm{p}}$ value in SN 1006 will possibly increase up to several 10${}^{49}$ erg in the next $\sim$5 kyr via the cosmic-ray diffusion into the HI wind-shell.

arXiv comment12 pages, 4 figures, 1 table, accepted for publication in The Astrophysical Journal (ApJ)

References in corpus (87)

• Measurements of Omega and Lambda from 42 High-Redshift Supernovae
• Common Envelope Evolution: Where we stand and how we can move forward
• Observational clues to the progenitors of Type-Ia supernovae
• Design Concepts for the Cherenkov Telescope Array
• Planck 2013 results. XI. All-sky model of thermal dust emission
• A Wide Symbiotic Channel to Type Ia Supernovae
• GASS: The Parkes Galactic All-Sky Survey. I. Survey Description, Goals, and Initial Data Release
• Fine Structures of Shock of SN 1006 with the Chandra Observation
• Australian Square Kilometre Array Pathfinder: I. System Description
• A New Evolutionary Path to Type Ia Supernovae: Helium-Rich Super-Soft X-Ray Source Channel
• Toward Understanding the Cosmic-ray Acceleration at Young Supernova Remnants Interacting with Interstellar Clouds: Possible Applications to RX J1713.7-3946
• Science With The Australian Square Kilometre Array Pathfinder
• Science with the Cherenkov Telescope Array
• GASS: The Parkes Galactic All-Sky Survey. II. Stray-Radiation Correction and Second Data Release
• ASCA X-Ray Spectroscopy of LMC Supernova Remnants and the Metal Abundances of the LMC
• The SN 1006 Remnant: Optical Proper Motions, Deep Imaging, Distance, and Brightness at Maximum
• First detection of VHE gamma-rays from SN 1006 by H.E.S.S
• Discriminating the Progenitor Type of Supernova Remnants with Iron K-Shell Emission
• Are the Models for Type Ia Supernova Progenitors Consistent with the Properties of Supernova Remnants?
• A Bow Shock Nebula Around a Compact X-Ray Source in the Supernova Remnant IC443
• A Detailed Study of the Molecular and Atomic Gas Toward the γ-ray SNR RX J1713.7-3946: Spatial TeV γ-ray and ISM Gas Correspondence
• Young and Massive Binary Progenitors of Type Ia Supernovae and Their Circumstellar Matter
• Escape-limited Model of Cosmic-ray Acceleration Revisited
• The Chemical Abundances of Tycho G in Supernova Remnant 1572
• Statistical Analysis of Supernova Remnants in the Large Magellanic Cloud
• Morphological evidence for azimuthal variations of the cosmic ray ion acceleration at the blast wave of SN 1006
• No surviving evolved companions to the progenitor of supernova SN 1006
• Typing Supernova Remnants Using X-ray Line Emission Morphologies
• A High-Resolution X-Ray and Optical Study of SN 1006: Asymmetric Expansion and Small-Scale Structure in a Type Ia Supernova Remnant
• Progenitors of type Ia supernovae
• The Slow X-Ray Expansion of the Northwestern Rim of the Supernova Remnant RX J0852.0-4622
• Optically thick HI dominant in the local interstellar medium; an alternative interpretation to "dark gas"
• Star Forming Dense Cloud Cores in the TeV γ-ray SNR RX J1713.7-3946
• A High-Resolution Spectroscopic Search for the Remaining Donor for Tycho's Supernova
• The gas density around SN 1006
• RX J0513.9-6951: The first example of accretion wind evolution, a key evolutionary process to Type Ia supernovae
• X-Ray Spectroscopy of SN 1006 with Suzaku
• The First X-Ray Proper-Motion Measurements of the Forward Shock in the Northeastern Limb of SN 1006
• The HI/OH/Recombination line survey of the inner Milky Way (THOR): data release 2 and HI overview
• Asymmetric Type-Ia supernova origin of W49B as revealed from spatially resolved X-ray spectroscopic study
• Expanding molecular bubble surrounding Tycho's supernova remnant (SN 1572) observed with IRAM 30 m telescope: evidence for a single-degenerate progenitor
• Hunting for the progenitor of SN 1006: High resolution spectroscopic search with the FLAMES instrument
• HI, CO, and Planck/IRAS dust properties in the high-latitude-cloud complex, MBM 53, 54, 55 and HLCG 92-35; Possible evidence for an optically thick HI envelope around the CO clouds
• The pre-shock gas of SN1006 from HST/ACS observations
• A limit cycle model for long-term optical variations of V Sagittae: The second example of accretion wind evolution
• Non-thermal X-rays and interstellar gas toward the γ-ray supernova remnant RX J1713.7-3946: Evidence for X-ray enhancement around CO and HI clumps
• Suzaku wide-band observations of SN 1006
• A detailed study of non-thermal X-ray properties and interstellar gas toward the γ-ray supernova remnant RX J1713.7-3946
• Interstellar protons in the TeV gamma-ray SNR HESS J1731-347:Possible evidence for the coexistence of hadronic and leptonic gamma-rays
• Molecular environment and thermal X-ray spectroscopy of the semicircular young composite supernova remnant 3C 396
• Asymmetric Ejecta Distribution in SN 1006
• A Search for a Surviving White Dwarf Companion in SN 1006
• A detailed study of the interstellar protons toward the TeV $\gamma$-ray SNR RX J0852.0$-$4622 (G266.2$-$1.2, Vela Jr.); a third case of the $\gamma$-rays and ISM spatial correspondence
• Improved Hubble Space Telescope Proper Motions for Tycho-G and Other Stars in the Remnant of Tycho's Supernova 1572
• Surviving companions of Type Ia supernovae: theory and observations
• HI, CO, and Dust in the Perseus Cloud
• Mysterious Odd Radio Circle near the Large Magellanic Cloud -- An Intergalactic Supernova Remnant?
• Detection of two TeV shell-type remnants at GeV energies with Fermi-LAT: HESS J1731-347 and SN 1006
• Shock-cloud interaction and particle acceleration in SN 1006
• No hot and luminous progenitor for Tycho's supernova
• Molecular Clouds associated with the Type Ia SNR N103B in the Large Magellanic Cloud
• Three-Dimensional Kinematic Reconstruction of the Optically-Emitting, High-Velocity, Oxygen-Rich Ejecta of Supernova Remnant N132D
• XMM-Newton evidence of shocked ISM in SN 1006: indications of hadronic acceleration
• Discovery of molecular and atomic clouds associated with the gamma-ray supernova remnant Kesteven 79
• ALMA CO Observations of the Mixed-Morphology Supernova Remnant W49B: Efficient Production of Recombining Plasma and Hadronic Gamma-rays via Shock-Cloud Interactions
• The Likely Fermi detection of the supernova remnant SN 1006
• Pursuing the origin of the gamma rays in RX J1713.7$-$3946 quantifying the hadronic and leptonic components
• ALMA CO Observations of Gamma-Ray Supernova Remnant N132D in the Large Magellanic Cloud: Possible Evidence for Shocked Molecular Clouds Illuminated by Cosmic-Ray Protons
• Synthetic Observations of 21cm HI Line Profiles from Inhomogeneous Turbulent Interstellar HI Gas with Magnetic Field
• On the accuracy of HI observations in molecular clouds -- More cold HI than thought?
• Newly Determined Explosion Center of Tycho's Supernova and the Implications for Proposed Ex-Companion Stars of the Progenitor
• Tycho-B: an unlikely companion for SN 1572
• XMM-Newton Large Program on SN1006 - I: Methods and Initial Results of Spatially-Resolved Spectroscopy
• The First Reported Infrared Emission from the SN 1006 Remnant
• Shock-Cloud Interaction in the Southwestern Rim of RX J1713.7$-$3946 Evidenced by Chandra X-ray Observations
• Possible Evidence for Cosmic-Ray Acceleration in the Type Ia SNR RCW 86: Spatial Correlation between TeV Gamma rays and Interstellar Atomic Protons
• ALMA CO Observations of Supernova Remnant N63A in the Large Magellanic Cloud: Discovery of Dense Molecular Clouds Embedded within Shock-Ionized and Photoionized Nebulae
• Rapid Deceleration of Blast Waves Witnessed in Tycho's Supernova Remnant
• Tycho's supernova: the view from {\it Gaia}
• Spatially resolved broad-band synchrotron emission from the non-thermal limbs of SN1006
• Discovery of a Wind-Blown Bubble Associated with the Supernova Remnant G346.6-0.2: A Hint for the Origin of Recombining Plasma
• A Morphological Study of the Supernova Remnant RX J0852.0-4622 (Vela Jr.)
• Fermi-LAT gamma-ray study of the interstellar medium and cosmic rays in the Chamaeleon Molecular-Cloud Complex: A look at the dark gas as optically thick HI
• SNR G39.2-0.3, an Hadronic Cosmic Rays Accelerator
• Radio Emission from Interstellar Shocks: Young Type Ia Supernova Remnants and the Case of N 103B in the Large Magellanic Cloud
• Fermi LAT detection of the supernova remnant SN 1006 revisited: the south-west limb
• Element Stratification in the Middle-Aged Type Ia Supernova Remnant G344.7-0.1

Cited by in corpus (5)

• New ASKAP Radio Supernova Remnants and Candidates in the Large Magellanic Cloud
• Detection of a new molecular cloud in the LHAASO J2108+5157 region supporting a hadronic PeVatron scenario
• Molecular and Atomic Clouds Associated with the Gamma-Ray Supernova Remnant Puppis A
• The core degenerate scenario for the type Ia supernova SN 2020eyj
• Hadronic particle acceleration in the supernova remnant SN 1006 as traced by Fermi-LAT observations