Discovery of Molecular and Atomic Clouds Associated with the Magellanic Superbubble 30 Doradus C

Abstract

We analyzed the 2.6-mm CO and 21-cm HI lines toward the Magellanic superbubble 30 Doradus C, in order to reveal the associated molecular and atomic gas. We uncovered five molecular clouds in a velocity range from 251 to 276 km s${}^{-1}$ toward the western shell. The non-thermal X-rays are clearly enhanced around the molecular clouds on a pc scale, suggesting possible evidence for magnetic field amplification via shock-cloud interaction. The thermal X-rays are brighter in the eastern shell, where there are no dense molecular or atomic clouds, opposite to the western shell. The TeV $\gamma$-ray distribution may spatially match the total interstellar proton column density as well as the non-thermal X-rays. If the hadronic $\gamma$-ray is dominant, the total energy of the cosmic-ray protons is at least $\sim 1.2\times 10^{50}$ erg with the estimated mean interstellar proton density $\sim 60$ cm${}^{-3}$. In addition the $\gamma$-ray flux associated with the molecular cloud (e.g., MC3) could be detected and resolved by the Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA). This should permit CTA to probe the diffusion of cosmic-rays into the associated dense ISM.

9 pages, 5 figures, 1 table, accepted for publication in The Astrophysical Journal (ApJ)

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• ALMA CO Observations of the Mixed-Morphology Supernova Remnant W49B: Efficient Production of Recombining Plasma and Hadronic Gamma-rays via Shock-Cloud Interactions
• ALMA CO Observations of Gamma-Ray Supernova Remnant N132D in the Large Magellanic Cloud: Possible Evidence for Shocked Molecular Clouds Illuminated by Cosmic-Ray Protons
• Magnetic field estimates from the X-ray synchrotron emitting rims of the 30 Dor C superbubble and the implications for the nature of 30 Dor C's TeV emission
• Possible Evidence for Cosmic-Ray Acceleration in the Type Ia SNR RCW 86: Spatial Correlation between TeV Gamma rays and Interstellar Atomic Protons
• The interstellar medium in young supernova remnants: key to the production of cosmic X-rays and $\gamma$-rays
• ALMA CO Observations of Supernova Remnant N63A in the Large Magellanic Cloud: Discovery of Dense Molecular Clouds Embedded within Shock-Ionized and Photoionized Nebulae
• Discovery of Shocked Molecular Clouds Associated with the Shell-Type Supernova Remnant RX J0046.5$-$7308 in the Small Magellanic Cloud
• ALMA observations of supernova remnant N49 in the LMC: I. Discovery of CO clumps associated with X-ray and radio continuum shells
• Discovery of recombining plasma inside the extended gamma-ray supernova remnant HB9
• Evidence of Particle Acceleration in the Superbubble 30 Doradus C with NuSTAR
• Molecular and Atomic Clouds Associated with the Gamma-Ray Supernova Remnant Puppis A
• Very-high-energy $\gamma$-ray emission from young massive star clusters in the Large Magellanic Cloud
• A Spatially Resolved Study of X-ray Properties in Superbubble 30 Dor C with $XMM-Newton$
• A 3D Diffusive and Advective Model of Electron Transport Applied to the Pulsar Wind Nebula HESS J1825-137
• SMA Observations of Haro 2: Molecular Gas around a Hot Superbubble
• Associated molecular and atomic clouds with X-ray shell of superbubble 30 Doradus C in the LMC