High-contrast imaging of HD 163296 with the Keck/NIRC2 L'-band vortex coronograph

Abstract

We present observations of the nearby (D$\sim$100\,pc) Herbig star HD~163296 taken with the vortex coronograph at Keck/NIRC2 in the L' band (3.7~$\mu$m), to search for planetary mass companions in the ringed disc surrounding this pre-main sequence star. The images reveal an arc-like region of scattered light from the disc surface layers that is likely associated with the first bright ring detected with ALMA in the $\lambda$=1.3mm dust continuum at $\sim$65~au. We also detect a point-like source at $\sim$0\farcs5 projected separation in the North-East direction, close to the inner edge of the second gap in the millimetre images. Comparing the point source photometry with the atmospheric emission models of non-accreting giant planets, we obtain a mass of 6--7~M${}_J$ for a putative protoplanet, assuming a system age of 5~Myr. Based on the contrast at a 95\% level of completeness calculated on the emission-free regions of our images, we set upper limits for the masses of giant planets of 8--15~M${}_J$, 4.5--6.5~M${}_J$ and 2.5-4.0~M${}_J$ at the locations of the first, second and third gap in the millimetre dust continuum, respectively. Further deep, high resolution thermal IR imaging of the HD~163296 system are warranted, to confirm the presence and nature of the point source and to better understand the structure of the dust disc.

arXiv comment9 pages, 6 figures. Accepted by MNRAS

References in corpus (53)

• The Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE): Mission Description and Initial On-orbit Performance
• Evolutionary models for cool brown dwarfs and extrasolar giant planets. The case of HD 20945
• The Fourth US Naval Observatory CCD Astrograph Catalog (UCAC4)
• Angular Differential Imaging: a Powerful High-Contrast Imaging Technique
• Images of a fourth planet orbiting HR 8799
• Models of Stars, Brown Dwarfs and Exoplanets
• A giant planet imaged in the disk of the young star Beta Pictoris
• Discovery and spectroscopy of the young Jovian planet 51 Eri b with the Gemini Planet Imager
• Spitzer Space Telescope study of disks in the young $\sigma$ Orionis cluster
• Timescale of Mass Accretion in Pre-Main-Sequence Stars
• Fundamental limitations of high contrast imaging set by small sample statistics
• A Kinematical Detection of Two Embedded Jupiter Mass Planets in HD 163296
• LkCa 15: A Young Exoplanet Caught at Formation?
• Kinematic evidence for an embedded protoplanet in a circumstellar disc
• Accreting Protoplanets in the LkCa 15 Transition Disk
• A Spatially Resolved Vertical Temperature Gradient in the HD 163296 Disk
• VIP: Vortex Image Processing package for high-contrast direct imaging
• Discovery of a warm, dusty giant planet around HIP65426
• A search for evolved dust in Herbig Ae stars
• Unveiling the gas and dust disk structure in HD 163296 using ALMA observations
• Impact of angular differential imaging on circumstellar disk images
• Accreting Circumplanetary Disks: Observational Signatures
• Discovery of a Companion Candidate in the HD169142 Transition Disk and the Possibility of Multiple Planet Formation
• Understanding the spectra of isolated Herbig stars in the frame of a passive disk model
• Chemical Imaging of the CO Snow Line in the HD 163296 Disk
• Parameters of Herbig Ae/Be and Vega-type stars
• Millimeter imaging of HD 163296: probing the disk structure and kinematics
• Confirmation of the planet around HD 95086 by direct imaging
• An Enigmatic Pointlike Feature within the HD 169142 Transitional Disk
• Strong near-infrared emission in the sub-AU disk of the Herbig Ae star HD163296: evidence for refractory dust?
• VLT/NACO Polarimetric Differential Imaging of HD100546 - Disk Structure and Dust Grain Properties between 10-140 AU
• Variability of Disk Emission in Pre-Main Sequence and Related Stars. I. HD 31648 and HD 163296 - Isolated Herbig Ae Stars Driving Herbig-Haro Flows
• Polarized disk emission from Herbig Ae/Be stars observed using Gemini Planet Imager: HD 144432, HD 150193, HD 163296, and HD 169142
• Optical imaging polarimetry of the LkCa 15 protoplanetary disk with SPHERE ZIMPOL
• The HD 163296 Circumstellar Disk in Scattered Light: Evidence of Time-Variable Self-Shadowing
• An Observational Perspective of Transitional Disks
• Gas modelling in the disc of HD 163296
• An Optical/near-infrared investigation of HD 100546 b with the Gemini Planet Imager and MagAO
• Dust modeling of the combined ALMA and SPHERE datasets of HD163296. Is HD163296 really a Meeus group II disk?
• Investigation of the inner structures around HD169142 with VLT/SPHERE
• New constraints on turbulence and embedded planet mass in the HD 163296 disk from planet-disk hydrodynamic simulations
• Evolution of protoplanetary disks from their taxonomy in scattered light: Group I vs. Group II
• The W. M. Keck Observatory infrared vortex coronagraph and a first image of HIP79124 B
• DCO${}^{+}$, DCN and N${}_2$D${}^{+}$ reveal three different deuteration regimes in the disk around the Herbig Ae star HD163296
• Increased H${}_2$CO production in the outer disk around HD 163296
• Dust properties across the CO snowline in the HD 163296 disk from ALMA and VLA observations
• Observability of Forming Planets and their Circumplanetary Disks I. -- Parameter Study for ALMA
• Deep imaging search for planets forming in the TW Hya protoplanetary disk with the Keck/NIRC2 vortex coronagraph
• Characterization of the inner disk around HD 141569 A from Keck/NIRC2 L-band vortex coronagraphy
• On-sky performance of the QACITS pointing control technique with the Keck/NIRC2 vortex coronagraph
• A New Standard for Assessing the Performance of High Contrast Imaging Systems
• Hunting for planets in the HL Tau disk
• ALICE Data Release: A revaluation of HST-NICMOS coronagraphic images

Cited by in corpus (35)

• The Disk Substructures at High Angular Resolution Project (DSHARP): II. Characteristics of Annular Substructures
• Compact Disks in a High Resolution ALMA Survey of Dust Structures in the Taurus Molecular Cloud
• The Disk Substructures at High Angular Resolution Project (DSHARP) - IX. A high definition study of the HD 163296 planet forming disk
• Protoplanetary disk rings and gaps across ages and luminosities
• Reference star differential imaging of close-in companions and circumstellar disks with the NIRC2 vortex coronagraph at W.M. Keck Observatory
• Distribution of solids in the rings of the HD 163296 disk: a multiwavelength study
• The Habitable Exoplanet Observatory (HabEx) Mission Concept Study Interim Report
• Upper limits on CH${}_3$OH in the HD 163296 protoplanetary disk: evidence for a low gas-phase CH${}_3$OH/H${}_2$CO ratio
• Rings and gaps in protoplanetary disks: planets or snowlines?
• Radial variations in grain sizes and dust scale heights in the protoplanetary disk around HD 163296 revealed by ALMA polarization observation
• Detectability of embedded protoplanets from hydrodynamical simulations
• Giant planet formation models with a self-consistent treatment of the heavy elements
• Interpreting high spatial resolution line observations of planet-forming disks with gaps and rings -- The case of HD 163296
• Multi-epoch Direct Imaging and Time-Variable Scattered Light Morphology of the HD 163296 Protoplanetary Disk
• Dust continuum emission and the upper limit fluxes of sub-millimeter water lines of the protoplanetary disk around HD 163296 observed by ALMA
• The Planetary Luminosity Problem: "Missing Planets" and the Observational Consequences of Episodic Accretion
• Observational Signatures of Planets in Protoplanetary Disks: Planet-Induced Line Broadening in Gaps
• Dust-to-gas ratio resurgence in circumstellar disks due to the formation of giant planets: the case of HD 163296
• Searching for H${}_{\alpha }$-emitting sources in the gaps of five transitional disks. SPHERE/ZIMPOL high-contrast imaging
• ISPY-NACO Imaging Survey for Planets around Young stars. The demographics of forming planets embedded in protoplanetary disks
• Determining mass limits around HD163296 through SPHERE direct imaging data
• The Endgame of Gas Giant Formation: Accretion Luminosity and Contraction Post-Runaway
• Disk Illumination and Jet Variability of the Herbig Ae Star HD 163296 Using Multi-Epoch HST/STIS Optical, Near-IR, and Radio Imagery and Spectroscopy
• A faint companion around CrA-9: protoplanet or obscured binary?
• Experimental analysis of the achromatic performance of a vector vortex coronagraph
• A MUSE view of the asymmetric jet from HD 163296
• The Morphology of the HD 163296 jet as a window on its planetary system
• HD 163296 and its Giant Planets: Creation of Exo-comets, Interstellar Objects and Transport of Volatile Material
• Multi-frequency analysis of the ALMA and VLA high resolution continuum observations of the substructured disc around CI Tau. Preference for sub-mm-sized low-porosity amorphous carbon grains
• Variability of Disk Emission in Pre-Main Sequence and related Stars. V. Occultation Events from the innermost disk region of the Herbig Ae Star HD 163296
• Testing planet formation from the ultraviolet to the millimeter
• Protoplanetary disk insights from the first ERIS/APP survey at 4 μm
• The Dynamic Inner Disk of a Planet Forming Star
• New Mid-Infrared Imaging Constraints on Companions and Protoplanetary Disks around six Young Stars
• Nearby Young Stars and Young Moving Groups