The formation of protostellar binaries in primordial minihalos

Abstract

The first stars are known to form in primordial gas, either in minihalos with about $10^6$~M${}_{\odot }$ or so-called atomic cooling halos of about $10^8$~M${}_{\odot }$. Simulations have shown that gravitational collapse and disk formation in primordial gas yield dense stellar clusters. In this paper, we focus particularly on the formation of protostellar binary systems, and aim to quantify their properties during the early stage of their evolution. For this purpose, we combine the smoothed particle hydrodynamics code GRADSPH with the astrochemistry package KROME. The GRADSPH-KROME framework is employed to investigate the collapse of primordial clouds in the high-density regime, exploring the fragmentation process and the formation of binary systems. We observe a strong dependence of fragmentation on the strength of the turbulent Mach number $\mathcal{M}$ and the rotational support parameter $\beta$. Rotating clouds show significant fragmentation, and have produced several Pop.~III proto-binary systems. We report maximum and minimum mass accretion rates of $2.31\times 10^{-1}$~M${}_{\odot }$ yr${}^{-1}$ and $2.18\times 10^{-4}$~M${}_{\odot }$ yr${}^{-1}$. The mass spectrum of the individual Pop III proto-binary components ranges from $0.88$~M${}_{\odot }$ to $31.96$~M${}_{\odot }$ and has a sensitive dependence on the Mach number $\mathcal{M}$ as well as on the rotational parameter $\beta$. We also report a range from $\sim 0.01$ to $\sim 1$ for the mass ratio of our proto-binary systems.

arXiv commentAccepted for publication in MNRAS

References in corpus (58)

• Control of star formation by supersonic turbulence
• The Formation of the First Star in the Universe
• The Formation of the First Stars. I. The Primordial Star Forming Cloud
• Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics and Magnetohydrodynamics
• One Hundred First Stars : Protostellar Evolution and the Final Masses
• Thermal and Fragmentation Properties of Star-forming Clouds in Low-metallicity Environments
• Simulations on a Moving Mesh: The Clustered Formation of Population III Protostars
• The Birth of a Galaxy: Primordial Metal Enrichment and Stellar Populations
• The Formation of the First Low-Mass Stars From Gas With Low Carbon and Oxygen Abundances
• First-generation black-hole-forming supernovae and the metal abundance pattern of a very iron-poor star
• The Formation and Fragmentation of Disks around Primordial Protostars
• A single low-energy, iron-poor supernova as the source of metals in the star SMSS J 031300.36-670839.3
• Collapse of Primordial Gas Clouds and the Formation of Quasar Black Holes
• The Formation of Population III Binaries from Cosmological Initial Conditions
• Formation of the First Stars by Accretion
• Grackle: a Chemistry and Cooling Library for Astrophysics
• An energy-conserving formalism for adaptive gravitational force softening in SPH and N-body codes
• On the Role of Disks in the Formation of Stellar Systems: A Numerical Parameter Study of Rapid Accretion
• Gravitational fragmentation in turbulent primordial gas and the initial mass function of Population III stars
• Uncertainties in H2 and HD Chemistry and Cooling and their Role in Early Structure Formation
• Resolving the Formation of Protogalaxies. III. Feedback from the First Stars
• KROME - a package to embed chemistry in astrophysical simulations
• The First Galaxies: Assembly, Cooling and the Onset of Turbulence
• Resolving the Formation of Protogalaxies. II. Central Gravitational Collapse
• The Formation of the First Stars I. Mass Infall Rates, Accretion Disk Structure and Protostellar Evolution
• Early Cosmological HII/HeIII Regions and Their Impact on Second-Generation Star Formation
• Pre-galactic metal enrichment - The chemical signatures of the first stars
• Constraining the Statistics of Population III Binaries
• Radiative Shock-Induced Collapse of Intergalactic Clouds
• Three Modes of Metal-Enriched Star Formation in the Early Universe
• Stellar Archaeology -- Exploring the Universe with Metal-Poor Stars
• Simulating cosmic metal enrichment by the first galaxies
• The Stellar Initial Mass Function in Primordial Galaxies
• Rotation Speed of the First Stars
• On the likelihood of detecting gravitational waves from Population III compact object binaries
• Radiative feedback from an early X-ray background
• A highly abnormal massive star mass function in the Orion Nebula cluster and the dynamical decay of trapezia systems
• The Effects of Accretion Luminosity upon Fragmentation in the Early Universe
• On the origin of high-velocity runaway stars
• The Formation of Population III Stars in Gas Accretion Stage: Effects of Magnetic Fields
• Late Pop III Star Formation During the Epoch of Reionization: Results from the Renaissance Simulations
• Is H3+ cooling ever important in primordial gas?
• Radiation from the first forming stars
• Population III Stars and Remnants in High Redshift Galaxies
• Accretion and Dynamical Interactions in Small-N Star-Forming Clusters: I. N=5 case
• Effects of Varying the Three-Body Molecular Hydrogen Formation Rate in Primordial Star Formation
• Rotation and Internal Structure of Population III Protostars
• The influence of magnetic fields on the thermodynamics of primordial star formation
• The natural emergence of the correlation between H2 and star formation rate surface densities in galaxy simulations
• On the formation of very metal-poor stars: The case of SDSS J1029151+172927
• Magnetic fields during the formation of supermassive black holes
• Protostellar discs formed from turbulent cores
• X-ray Twinkles and Pop III Stars
• Deuterium fractionation and H2D+ evolution in turbulent and magnetized cloud cores
• The origin of spin in galaxies: clues from simulations of atomic cooling halos
• Supernova explosions in magnetized, primordial dark matter halos
• How to confirm the existence of population III stars by observations of gravitational waves
• Amplification of Magnetic Fields in a Primordial HII Region and Supernova

Cited by in corpus (27)

• Formation sites of Population III star formation: The effects of different levels of rotation and turbulence on the fragmentation behavior of primordial gas
• Merge or survive: Number of Population III stars per minihalo
• The importance of magnetic fields for the initial mass function of the first stars
• An Ultra Metal-poor Star Near the Hydrogen-burning Limit
• Formation of supermassive stars in the first star clusters
• On the Jacobi capture origin of binaries with applications to the Earth-Moon system and black holes in galactic nuclei
• Forming Pop III binaries in self-gravitating disks: how to keep the orbital angular momentum
• The role of the H${}_2$ adiabatic index in the formation of the first stars
• Amplification of turbulence in contracting prestellar cores in primordial minihalos
• Gravitational waves from mergers of Population III binary black holes: roles played by two evolution channels
• Role of magnetic fields in the formation of direct collapse black holes
• Protostellar-disc fragmentation across all metallicities
• The physical origin of super-competitive accretion during the formation of the first supermassive black holes
• Formation of Pop II star clusters in the aftermath of a pair instability supernova
• Gravitational Fragmentation of Extremely Metal-poor Circumstellar Discs
• Amplification and saturation of turbulent magnetic field in collapsing primordial gas clouds
• Formation of metal-free binaries: Impact of H${}_2$ line cooling and CIE cooling
• Evolution of Rotating 25 M${}_{\odot }$ Population III star: Physical Properties and Resulting Supernovae
• Do fragmentation and accretion affect the stellar Initial Mass Function?
• Population III star formation in the presence of turbulence, magnetic fields and ionizing radiation feedback
• Saturation level of turbulence in collapsing gas clouds
• Turbulence and its connection to episodic accretion in binary YSOs
• Simulating the collapse of rotating primordial gas clouds to study the survival possibility of Pop III protostars
• Population III star formation: multiple gas phases prevent the use of an equation of state at high densities
• Searching for Low-mass Population III Stars Disguised as White Dwarfs
• Studying The Effect of Radiation Pressure on Evolution of a Population III Stellar Cluster
• Primordial black holes capture by stars and induced collapse to low-mass stellar black holes