Anisotropy of the galaxy cluster X-ray luminosity-temperature relation

Abstract

We introduce a new test to study the Cosmological Principle with galaxy clusters. Galaxy clusters exhibit a tight correlation between the luminosity and temperature of the X-ray-emitting intracluster medium. While the luminosity measurement depends on cosmological parameters through the luminosity distance, the temperature determination is cosmology-independent. We exploit this property to test the isotropy of the luminosity distance over the full extragalactic sky, through the normalization $a$ of the $L_X-T$ scaling relation and the cosmological parameters ${\Omega }_m$ and $H_0$. We use two almost independent galaxy cluster samples: the ASCA Cluster Catalog (ACC) and the XMM Cluster Survey (XCS-DR1). Interestingly enough, these two samples appear to have the same pattern for $a$ with respect to the Galactic longitude. We also identify one sky region within $l\sim (-15^o,90^o)$ (Group A) that shares very different best-fit values for $a$ for both samples. We find the deviation of Group A to be $2.7\sigma$ for ACC and $3.1\sigma$ for XCS-DR1. This tension is not relieved after excluding possible outliers or after a redshift conversion to the CMB frame is applied. Using also the HIFLUGCS sample, we show that a possible excess of cool-core clusters in this region, cannot explain the obtained deviations. Moreover, we tested for a dependence of the $L_X-T$ relation on supercluster environment. We indeed find a trend for supercluster members to be underluminous compared to field clusters. However, the fraction of supercluster members is similar in the different sky regions. Constraining ${\Omega }_m$ and $H_0$ via the redshift evolution of $L_X-T$ and the luminosity distance, we obtain approximately the same deviation amplitudes as for $a$. The observed behavior of ${\Omega }_m$ for the sky regions that coincide with the CMB dipole is similar to what was found with other cosmological probes as well.

18 pages, 15 figures, accepted for publication in A&A

References in corpus (11)

• eROSITA Science Book: Mapping the Structure of the Energetic Universe
• Scaling Properties of a Complete X-ray Selected Galaxy Group Sample
• XMM-Newton and Chandra Cross Calibration Using HIFLUGCS Galaxy Clusters: Systematic Temperature Differences and Cosmological Impact
• Homogeneity and isotropy in the 2MASS Photometric Redshift catalogue
• Constraining galaxy cluster temperatures and redshifts with eROSITA survey data
• Probing bulk flow with nearby SNe Ia data
• Anisotropy in the all-sky distribution of galaxy morphological types
• Testing Isotropy in the Local Universe
• Extending the $L_{\mathrm{X}}-T$ relation from clusters to groups-Impact of cool core nature, AGN feedback, and selection effects
• HIFLUGCS: X-ray luminosity -- dynamical mass relation and its implications for mass calibrations with the SPIDERS and 4MOST surveys
• Scaling Relations and X-ray Properties of Moderate-Luminosity Galaxy Clusters from 0.3 < z < 0.6 with XMM-Newton

Cited by in corpus (20)

• Is the Observable Universe Consistent with the Cosmological Principle?
• Probing cosmic isotropy with a new X-ray galaxy cluster sample through the $L_{\text{X}}-T$ scaling relation
• From galactic bars to the Hubble tension: weighing up the astrophysical evidence for Milgromian gravity
• Cosmological implications of the anisotropy of ten galaxy cluster scaling relations
• Probing cosmic anisotropy with gravitational waves as standard sirens
• Complexity and Isotropization based Extended Models in the context of Electromagnetic Field: An Implication of Minimal Gravitational Decoupling
• Study of Decoupled Cosmological Solutions in $f(\mathbb{R},\mathbb{T})$ Theory
• Cosmological Solutions through Gravitational Decoupling in $f(\mathcal{R},\mathcal{T},{\mathcal{R}}_{\mathrm{ab}}{\mathcal{T}}^{\mathrm{ab}})$ Gravity
• Cosmology Intertwined: A Review of the Particle Physics, Astrophysics, and Cosmology Associated with the Cosmological Tensions and Anomalies
• Physical validity of anisotropic models derived from isotropic fluid dynamics in $f(R,T)$ theory: An implication of gravitational decoupling
• Decoupled Anisotropic Buchdahl's Relativistic Models in $f(\mathbb{R},\mathbb{T})$ Theory
• Role of Non-conserved Gravity Theory and Electric Charge in Constructing Complexity-free Stellar Models: A Novel Approach under Non-minimal Coupling
• Revisiting the statistical isotropy of GRB sky distribution
• Extending Finch-Skea Isotropic Model to Anisotropic Domain in Modified $f(\mathcal{R},\mathcal{T})$ Gravity
• Implications of Rastall Theory on Stellar Solutions admitting Vanishing Complexity: A New Perspective
• Black hole in a generalized Chaplygin-Jacobi dark fluid: shadow and light deflection angle
• The kinematic contribution to the cosmic number count dipole
• Scaling relations of X-ray Luminous Clusters in the Hyper Suprime-Cam Subaru Strategic Program Field
• Examining the local Universe isotropy with galaxy cluster velocity dispersion scaling relations
• The $D$-dimensional charged AdS black holes solutions in polytropic dark energy from Barrow entropy