Firefly (Fitting IteRativEly For Likelihood analYsis): a full spectral fitting code
arXiv:1711.00865 · doi:10.1093/mnras/stx2215
Abstract
We present a new spectral fitting code, Firefly, for deriving the stellar population properties of stellar systems. Firefly is a chi-squared minimisation fitting code that fits combinations of single-burst stellar population models to spectroscopic data, following an iterative best-fitting process controlled by the Bayesian Information Criterion. No priors are applied, rather all solutions within a statistical cut are retained with their weight. Moreover, no additive or multiplicative polynomia are employed to adjust the spectral shape. This fitting freedom is envisaged in order to map out the effect of intrinsic spectral energy distribution (SED) degeneracies, such as age, metallicity, dust reddening on galaxy properties, and to quantify the effect of varying input model components on such properties. Dust attenuation is included using a new procedure, which was tested on Integral Field Spectroscopic (IFS) data in a previous paper. The fitting method is extensively tested with a comprehensive suite of mock galaxies, real galaxies from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey and Milky Way globular clusters. We also assess the robustness of the derived properties as a function of signal-to-noise ratio and adopted wavelength range. We show that \FF\ is able to recover age, metallicity, stellar mass and even the star formation history remarkably well down to a , for moderately dusty systems. Code and results are publicly available at www.icg.port.ac.uk/firefly.
34 pages, 26 figures, printed at MNRAS
References in corpus (49)
- Stellar population synthesis at the resolution of 2003
- Galactic Stellar and Substellar Initial Mass Function
- The Seventh Data Release of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey
- A grid of MARCS model atmospheres for late-type stars I. Methods and general properties
- Parametric Recovery of Line-of-Sight Velocity Distributions from Absorption-Line Spectra of Galaxies via Penalized Likelihood
- The Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey of SDSS-III
- Evolutionary population synthesis: models, analysis of the ingredients and application to high-z galaxies
- MILES: A Medium resolution INT Library of Empirical Spectra
- Information criteria for astrophysical model selection
- Analysis of galaxy SEDs from far-UV to far-IR with CIGALE: Studying a SINGS test sample
- Stellar population models of Lick indices with variable element abundance ratios
- Evolutionary Stellar Population Synthesis with MILES. Part I: The Base Models and a New Line Index System
- The SAURON project - V. Integral-field emission-line kinematics of 48 elliptical and lenticular galaxies
- A Triple Main Sequence in the Globular Cluster NGC 2808
- STELIB: a library of stellar spectra at R~2000
- Modelling and interpreting spectral energy distributions of galaxies with BEAGLE
- Stellar population models at high spectral resolution
- Evolutionary synthesis of galaxies at high spectral resolution with the code PEGASE-HR
- The star formation histories of galaxies in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey
- Star formation rates and masses of z ~ 2 galaxies from multicolour photometry
- Early-Type Galaxy Archeology: Ages, Abundance Ratios, and Effective Temperatures from Full-Spectrum Fitting
- Stellar Content from high resolution galactic spectra via Maximum A Posteriori
- Recovering galaxy star formation and metallicity histories from spectra using VESPA
- Recovering galaxy stellar population properties from broad-band spectral energy distribution fitting
- Stellar velocity dispersions and emission line properties of SDSS-III/BOSS galaxies
- Stellar masses of SDSS-III BOSS galaxies at z~0.5 and constraints to galaxy formation models
- Modeling the color evolution of luminous red galaxies - improvements with empirical stellar spectra
- Stellar Population gradients in galaxy discs from the CALIFA survey
- STEllar Content and Kinematics from high resolution galactic spectra via Maximum A Posteriori
- Flux-calibrated stellar population models of Lick absorption-line indices with variable element abundance ratios
- SDSS-IV MaNGA: Spatially resolved star formation histories in galaxies as a function of galaxy mass and type
- Star formation history of barred disc galaxies
- Spectroscopic ages and metallicities of stellar populations: validation of full spectrum fitting
- Insights into the content and spatial distribution of dust from the integrated spectral properties of galaxies
- Star Formation and Metallicity History of the SDSS galaxy survey: unlocking the fossil record
- A Library of Integrated Spectra of Galactic Globular Clusters
- Relative merits of different types of rest-frame optical observations to constrain galaxy physical parameters
- Stellar mass estimates in early-type galaxies: procedures, uncertainties and models dependence
- Improving the Estimation of Star formation Rates and Stellar Population Ages of High-redshift Galaxies from Broadband Photometry
- A multi-wavelength study of z = 3.15 Lyman-alpha emitters in the GOODS South Field
- The 1-1000 micron SEDs of far-infrared galaxies
- A public catalogue of stellar masses, star formation and metallicity histories and dust content from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey using VESPA
- P-MaNGA: Full spectral fitting and stellar population maps from prototype observations
- Deep 2MASS Photometry of M67 and Calibration of the Main Sequence J-Ks Color Difference as an Age Indicator
- SED fitting with Markov Chain Monte Carlo: Methodology and Application to z=3.1 Lyman Alpha Emitting Galaxies
- CIGALEMC: Galaxy Parameter Estimation using a Markov Chain Monte Carlo Approach with Cigale
- On the spectral resolution of the MILES stellar library
- Element abundances in the stars of the MILES spectral library: the Mg/Fe ratio
- SATMC: Spectral Energy Distribution Analysis Through Markov Chains
Cited by in corpus (127)
- The Sixteenth Data Release of the Sloan Digital Sky Surveys: First Release from the APOGEE-2 Southern Survey and Full Release of eBOSS Spectra
- Inferring the star-formation histories of massive quiescent galaxies with BAGPIPES: Evidence for multiple quenching mechanisms
- De Re Metallica: The cosmic chemical evolution of galaxies
- The Fourteenth Data Release of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey: First Spectroscopic Data from the extended Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey and from the second phase of the Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment
- The Data Analysis Pipeline for the SDSS-IV MaNGA IFU Galaxy Survey: Overview
- The Fifteenth Data Release of the Sloan Digital Sky Surveys: First Release of MaNGA Derived Quantities, Data Visualization Tools and Stellar Library
- Full spectrum fitting with photometry in pPXF: stellar population versus dynamical masses, non-parametric star formation history and metallicity for 3200 LEGA-C galaxies at redshift z~0.8
- The Data Analysis Pipeline for the SDSS-IV MaNGA IFU Galaxy Survey: Emission-Line Modeling
- X-ray Quasi-Periodic Eruptions from two previously quiescent galaxies
- The Art of Measuring Physical Parameters in Galaxies: A Critical Assessment of Spectral Energy Distribution Fitting Techniques
- Both starvation and outflows drive galaxy quenching
- SDSS-IV MaNGA: pyPipe3D analysis release for 10,000 galaxies
- SDSS-IV MaNGA: The Spatially Resolved Stellar Initial Mass Function in 400 Early-Type Galaxies
- Stellar population models based on the SDSS-IV MaStar library of stellar spectra. I. Intermediate-age/old models
- The inside-out formation of nuclear discs and the absence of old central spheroids in barred galaxies of the TIMER survey
- SDSS-IV MaNGA: The Formation Sequence of S0 Galaxies
- The mass-metallicity relations for gas and stars in star-forming galaxies: strong outflow vs variable IMF
- SDSS-IV MaNGA: Modelling the metallicity gradients of gas and stars - radially dependent metal outflow vs IMF
- The Fornax 3D project: a two-dimensional view of the stellar initial mass function in the massive lenticular galaxy FCC 167
- L-GALAXIES 2020: The evolution of radial metallicity profiles and global metallicities in disc galaxies
- SDSS-IV MaNGA: Radial Gradients in Stellar Population Properties of Early-Type and Late-Type Galaxies
- Introducing piXedfit -- a Spectral Energy Distribution Fitting Code Designed for Resolved Sources
- The Hydrogen-Poor Superluminous Supernovae from the Zwicky Transient Facility Phase-I Survey: I. Light Curves and Measurements
- A Self-Calibrating Halo-Based Group Finder: Application to SDSS
- The SLUGGS Survey: Measuring globular cluster ages using both photometry and spectroscopy
- Two Growing Modes and the Morphology-Quiescence Relation in Galaxies
- Unusual integrated metallicity profile of our Milky Way
- Signatures of stellar accretion in MaNGA early-type galaxies
- Shock cooling of a red-supergiant supernova at redshift 3 in lensed images
- The Peculiar Transient AT2018cow: A Possible Origin of A Type Ibn/IIn Supernova
- The kinematics of massive quiescent galaxies at : dark matter fractions, IMF variation, and the relation to local early-type galaxies
- SDSS-IV MaNGA: global and local stellar population properties of elliptical galaxies
- Rebutting fake news on full spectral fitting
- The Contribution of In-situ and Ex-situ Star Formation in Early-Type Galaxies: MaNGA versus IllustrisTNG
- SDSS-IV MaNGA: drivers of stellar metallicity in nearby galaxies
- Milky Way Analogues in MaNGA: Multi-Parameter Homogeneity and Comparison to the Milky Way
- Evolution of the Stellar Mass-Metallicity Relation. II. Constraints on Galactic Outflows from the Mg Abundances of Quiescent Galaxies
- Value Added Catalog of physical properties of more than 1.3 million galaxies from the DESI Survey
- J-PLUS: 2-D analysis of the stellar population in NGC 5473 and NGC 5485
- SDSS-IV MaNGA: Stellar M/L gradients and the M/L-colour relation in galaxies
- Galaxy And Mass Assembly (GAMA): Timescales for galaxies crossing the green valley
- The MaNGA FIREFLY Value-Added-Catalogue: resolved stellar populations of 10,010 nearby galaxies
- The weak imprint of environment on the stellar populations of galaxies
- Estimating dust attenuation from galactic spectra. I. methodology and tests
- Gemini NIFS survey of feeding and feedback processes in nearby Active Galaxies: VI -- Stellar Populations
- A detailed look at the stellar populations in green valley galaxies
- How proper are Bayesian models in the astronomical literature?
- Stellar Populations With Optical Spectra: Deep Learning vs. Popular Spectrum Fitting Codes
- SPIDERS: overview of the X-ray galaxy cluster follow-up and the final spectroscopic data release
- Stellar population properties of individual massive early-type galaxies at 1.4 < z < 2
- AstraeusIV : Quantifying the star formation histories of galaxies in the Epoch of Reionization
- iMaNGA: mock MaNGA galaxies based on IllustrisTNG and MaStar SSPs. I. Construction and analysis of the mock data cubes
- A galaxy's accretion history unveiled from its integrated spectrum
- Self-consistent population spectral synthesis with FADO - I. The importance of nebular emission in modelling star-forming galaxies
- MCSED: A flexible spectral energy distribution fitting code and its application to emission-line galaxies
- [OII] emitters in MultiDark-Galaxies and DEEP2
- Mass Metallicity Relationship of SDSS Star Forming Galaxies: Population Synthesis Analysis and Effects of Star Burst Length, Extinction Law, Initial Mass Function and Star Formation Rate
- Mapping Accreted Stars in Early-Type Galaxies Across the Mass-Size Plane
- A panchromatic spatially resolved study of the inner 500 pc of NGC 1052 - I: Stellar population
- Gas accretion as fuel for residual star formation in Galaxy Zoo elliptical galaxies
- Colour gradients of low-redshift galaxies in the DESI Legacy Imaging Survey
- SN 2012ij: A low-luminosity type Ia supernova and evidence for continuous distribution from 91bg-like explosion to normal ones
- More is better: Strong constraints on the stellar properties of LEGA-C z ~ 1 galaxies with Prospector
- Deriving the star formation histories of galaxies from spectra with simulation-based inference
- Recovering age-metallicity distributions from integrated spectra: validation with MUSE data of a nearby nuclear star cluster
- Exploring the AGN-Merger Connection in Arp 245 I: Nuclear Star Formation and Gas Outflow in NGC 2992
- Supernova 2020wnt: An Atypical Superluminous Supernova with a Hidden Central Engine
- On the maximum age resolution achievable through stellar population synthesis models
- The spatial clustering of ROSAT all-sky survey Active Galactic Nuclei: V. The evolution of broad-line AGN clustering properties in the last 6 Gyr
- iMaNGA: mock MaNGA galaxies based on IllustrisTNG and MaStar SSPs -- II. The catalogue
- Semi-analytic spectral fitting: simultaneously modelling the mass accumulation and chemical evolution in MaNGA spiral galaxies
- The APOGEE Library of Infrared SSP Templates (A-LIST): High-Resolution Simple Stellar Population Spectral Models in the H-Band
- Self-consistent population spectral synthesis with FADO: II. Star formation history of galaxies in spectral synthesis methods
- SDSS-IV MaNGA: the chemical co-evolution of gas and stars in spiral galaxies
- On the Precision of Full-spectrum Fitting of Simple Stellar Populations. I. Well-sampled Populations
- SDSS-IV MaNGA: The [/Fe] of Early-Type Galaxies
- Impact of Galaxy Mergers on Stellar Population Profiles of Early-type Galaxies
- The VIRUS-P Exploration of Nearby Galaxies (VENGA): The stellar populations and assembly of NGC 2903's bulge, bar, and outer disc
- The Host Galaxies of Radio AGN: New Views from Combining LoTSS and MaNGA Observations
- The dark side of galaxy stellar populations II: The dependence of star formation histories on halo mass and on the scatter of the main sequence
- Constraining quenching timescales in galaxy clusters by forward-modelling stellar ages and quiescent fractions in projected phase space
- Dynamical masses of brightest cluster galaxies II: constraints on the stellar IMF
- Recovery of the low- and high-mass end slopes of the IMF in massive early-type galaxies using detailed elemental abundances
- iMaNGA: mock MaNGA galaxies based on IllustrisTNG and MaStar SSPs. -- III. Stellar metallicity drivers in MaNGA and TNG50
- Applications of Stellar Population Synthesis in the Distant Universe
- On the precision of full-spectrum fitting of simple stellar populations. II. The dependence on star cluster mass in the wavelength range 0.3-5.0 m
- Bursting and quenching in satellite galaxies
- The Origin of Star Formation in Early-type Galaxies Inferred from Spatially Resolved Spectroscopy
- The bimodality in the mass-metallicity relation in SDSS-MaNGA galaxy pairs
- A UNIONS view of the brightest central galaxies of candidate fossil groups
- Are Milky-Way-like galaxies like the Milky Way? A view from SDSS-IV/MaNGA
- SCONCE: A cosmic web finder for spherical and conic geometries
- Unveiling the Universe with Emerging Cosmological Probes
- SN 2016ije: An SN 2002es-like Type Ia Supernova Exploded in a Metal-poor and Low-surface Brightness Galaxy
- SN 2023zaw: an ultra-stripped, nickel-poor supernova from a low-mass progenitor
- Stellar populations of galaxies in the LAMOST spectral survey
- The Seventeenth Data Release of the Sloan Digital Sky Surveys: Complete Release of MaNGA, MaStar and APOGEE-2 Data
- Emission line properties of the most luminous AGN in massive galaxies at intermediate redshifts
- Panchromatic SED fitting codes and modelling techniques
- Cloudy-Maraston: Integrating nebular continuum and line emission with the Maraston stellar population synthesis models
- Constraining Star Formation Histories of Blue Galaxies using the Scatter between Stellar Mass and Halo Mass
- Bringing manifold learning and dimensionality reduction to SED fitters
- A study of outer disk stellar populations of face-on star-forming galaxies in SDSS-IV MaNGA: causes of H deficiency
- Extreme AGN feedback in the fossil galaxy group SDSSTG 4436
- A study of the central stellar populations of galaxies in SDSS-IV MaNGA: identification of a sub-sample with unusually young and massive stars
- Spatially Resolved Properties of Galaxies with a Kinematically Distinct Core
- The Stellar Population of Metal-Poor Galaxies at z 0.8 and the Evolution of the Mass-Metallicity Relation
- SEW: A full-spectrum linear fitting with stellar population synthesis method Based on "Equivalent Widths spectrum"
- Stellar population modelling of neutron stars and black holes: spatially-resolved graveyards in MaNGA/SDSS-IV galaxies
- SNITCH: Seeking a simple, informative star formation history inference tool
- A Comparison of Full Spectral Fitting Codes for Measuring the Stellar Initial Mass Function and Other Stellar Population Properties in Elliptical Galaxies
- Stellar populations from H-band VLT spectroscopy in a sample of seven active galaxies
- A study of 1000 galaxies with unusually young and massive stars in the SDSS: a search for hidden black holes
- SPAN: A cross-platform Python GUI software for optical and near-infrared spectral analysis
- Cosmography via stellar archaeology of low-redshift early-type galaxies from SDSS
- HR-pyPopStar II: high spectral resolution evolutionary synthesis models low metallicity expansion and the properties of the stellar populations of dwarf galaxies
- SN 2021tsz: A luminous, short photospheric phase Type II supernova in a low-metallicity host
- A Value-added Physical Properties Catalog for Low-redshift Galaxies from DESI Legacy Imaging Surveys DR10
- Preliminary census of galaxies in the LISA localisation volume: I. Searching for LISA candidate massive black hole binary merger hosts using Sloan Digital Sky Survey photometry
- Galaxy groups in various evolutionary stages
- Fornax 3D project: assessing the diversity of IMF and stellar population maps within the Fornax Cluster
- UV bright red-sequence galaxies: a comparative study between UV upturn and UV weak systems
- The extension of the Fundamental Metallicity Relation beyond the BPT star-forming sequence: evidence for both gas accretion and starvation
- Mode and Ridge Estimation in Euclidean and Directional Product Spaces: A Mean Shift Approach
- SDSS-IV MaStar: Theoretical Atmospheric Parameters for the MaNGA Stellar Library
- SDSS-IV MaNGA: Exploring the local scaling relations for N/O
- Non-Parametric Attenuation Curves in Local Star-Forming Galaxies: Geometry Effect, Dust Evolution, and ISS