Measurements of resonant scattering in the Perseus cluster core with Hitomi SXS

Abstract

Thanks to its high spectral resolution (~5 eV at 6 keV), the Soft X-ray Spectrometer (SXS) on board Hitomi enables us to measure the detailed structure of spatially resolved emission lines from highly ionized ions in galaxy clusters for the first time. In this series of papers, using the SXS we have measured the velocities of gas motions, metallicities and the multi-temperature structure of the gas in the core of the Perseus cluster. Here, we show that when inferring physical properties from line emissivities in systems like Perseus, the resonant scattering (RS) effect should be taken into account. In the Hitomi waveband, RS mostly affects the FeXXV He$\alpha$ line ($w$) - the strongest line in the spectrum. The flux measured by Hitomi in this line is suppressed by a factor ~1.3 in the inner ~30 kpc, compared to predictions for an optically thin plasma; the suppression decreases with the distance from the center. The $w$ line also appears slightly broader than other lines from the same ion. The observed distortions of the $w$ line flux, shape and distance dependence are all consistent with the expected effect of the resonant scattering in the Perseus core. By measuring the ratio of fluxes in optically thick ($w$) and thin (FeXXV forbidden, He$\beta$, Ly$\alpha$) lines, and comparing these ratios with predictions from Monte Carlo radiative transfer simulations, the velocities of gas motions have been obtained. The results are consistent with the direct measurements of gas velocities from line broadening described elsewhere in this series, although the systematic and statistical uncertainties remain significant. Further improvements in the predictions of line emissivities in plasma models, and deeper observations with future X-ray missions will enable RS measurements to provide powerful constraints on the amplitude and anisotropy of clusters gas motions.

arXiv comment30 pages, 17 figure, 6 tables, accepted for publication in PASJ

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• High-resolution Laboratory Measurements of K-shell X-ray Line Polarization and Excitation Cross Sections in Heliumlike S XV Ions
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• XRISM Observation of the Ophiuchus Galaxy Cluster: Quiescent Velocity Structure in the Dynamically Disturbed Core
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• Evidence for Resonance Scattering in the X-ray Grating Spectrum of the Supernova Remnant N49
• The velocity structure of the intracluster medium during a major merger: simulated microcalorimeter observations
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• R-matrix electron-impact excitation data for the H- and He-like ions with Z=6-30
• Inflight Calibration of the Hitomi Soft X-ray Spectrometer (2) Point Spread Function
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• The clus model in SPEX: projection and resonant scattering effects on the iron abundance and temperature profiles of galaxy clusters
• Unusual X-ray Oxygen Line Ratios of SN 1987A Arising From the Absorption of Galactic Hot Interstellar Medium
• Revisiting the Perseus Cluster II: Metallicity-Dependence of Massive Stars and Chemical Enrichment History
• Merger-Driven Turbulence and Coherent Transport in the Intracluster Medium
• Vigorous turbulence driven by quasar-mode feedback in a cluster core