${}^3$He-${}^{129}$Xe Comagnetometery using ${}^{87}$Rb Detection and Decoupling

Abstract

We describe a ${}^3$He-${}^{129}$Xe comagnetometer using ${}^{87}$Rb atoms for noble-gas spin polarization and detection. We use a train of ${}^{87}$Rb $\pi$ pulses and ${\sigma }^{+}/{\sigma }^{-}$ optical pumping to realize a finite-field Rb magnetometer with suppression of spin-exchange relaxation. We suppress frequency shifts from polarized Rb by measuring the ${}^3$He and ${}^{129}$Xe spin precession frequencies in the dark, while applying $\pi$ pulses along two directions to depolarize Rb atoms. The plane of the $\pi$ pulses is rotated to suppress the Bloch-Siegert shifts for the nuclear spins. We measure the ratio of ${}^3$He to ${}^{129}$Xe spin precession frequencies with sufficient absolute accuracy to resolve the Earth's rotation without changing the orientation of the comagnetometer. A frequency resolution of 7 nHz is achieved after integration for 8 hours without evidence of significant drift.

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