Bose-Einstein condensation of photons from the thermodynamic limit to small photon numbers
arXiv:1706.09645 · doi:10.1080/09500340.2017.1404655
Abstract
Photons can come to thermal equilibrium at room temperature by scattering multiple times from a fluorescent dye. By confining the light and dye in a microcavity, a minimum energy is set and the photons can then show Bose-Einstein condensation. We present here the physical principles underlying photon thermalization and condensation, and review the literature on the subject. We then explore the `small' regime where very few photons are needed for condensation. We compare thermal equilibrium results to a rate-equation model of microlasers, which includes spontaneous emission into the cavity, and we note that small systems result in ambiguity in the definition of threshold.
In memory of Danny Segal, submitted to special issue of J. Mod. Opt
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- Interplay of coherent and dissipative dynamics in condensates of light
- Modified Bose-Einstein condensation in an optical quantum gas
- Polarization dynamics in a photon BEC
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- Statistical theory of photon gas in plasma
- Photonic Bose-Einstein condensation in the continuum limit
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- Bose condensation of squeezed light
- Stabilizing open photon condensates by ghost-attractor dynamics