paper

Calorimetry of a Bose-Einstein condensed photon gas

arXiv:1604.08747 · doi:10.1038/ncomms11340

Abstract

Phase transitions, as the condensation of a gas to a liquid, are often revealed by a discontinuous behavior of thermodynamic quantities. For liquid Helium, for example, a divergence of the specific heat signals the transition from the normal fluid to the superfluid state. Apart from liquid helium, determining the specific heat of a Bose gas has proven to be a challenging task, for example for ultracold atomic Bose gases. Here we examine the thermodynamic behavior of a trapped two-dimensional photon gas, a system that allows us to spectroscopically determine the specific heat and the entropy of a nearly ideal Bose gas from the classical high temperature to the Bose-condensed quantum regime. The critical behavior at the phase transition is clearly revealed by a cusp singularity of the specific heat. Regarded as a test of quantum statistical mechanics, our results demonstrate a quantitative agreement with its predictions at the microscopic level.

arXiv comment14 pages, including 3 figures

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