Bose-Einstein Condensation and Dissipative Dynamics in a Relativistic Pion Gas

Abstract

Pion condensation in ultra-relativistic collisions presents a compelling theoretical phenomenon with significant implications for the dynamics of hadronic matter. Various theoretical frameworks offer insight into the nature of high-temperature Bose-Einstein condensation (BEC). The present study investigates the dissipative behavior of a relativistic pion gas undergoing Bose-Einstein condensation (BEC) in ultra-relativistic heavy-ion collisions. Further, we obtain viscosity ($\eta$), bulk viscosity ($\zeta$), and speed of sound ($c_s$) by employing the Boltzmann transport equation with the relaxation time approximation. Findings show a substantial drop in $\eta /s$ and $\zeta /s$ with the fractional increase in condensation. This effect is becoming more evident in larger systems approaching the thermodynamic limit. Alongside the reduction in viscosities, the speed of sound also decreases with increasing condensation, indicating a softening of the equation of state. The analysis of finite-size effects reveals that larger systems exhibit more pronounced signatures of BEC. These results suggest that pion condensation can influence the hydrodynamic evolution of the hadronic phase in heavy-ion collisions, with consequential implications for interpreting collective flow observables and the underlying equation of state.

Same as the published version in Phys. Rev. D

References in corpus (57)

• Experimental and Theoretical Challenges in the Search for the Quark Gluon Plasma: The STAR Collaboration's Critical Assessment of the Evidence from RHIC Collisions
• Viscosity in Strongly Interacting Quantum Field Theories from Black Hole Physics
• QCD at finite isospin density
• Universal properties of bulk viscosity near the QCD phase transition
• The BCS-BEC crossover: From ultra-cold Fermi gases to nuclear systems
• Bose-Einstein Condensate general relativistic stars
• Quasi-Particle Theory of Shear and Bulk Viscosities of Hadronic Matter
• Alpha-particle condensation in 16O via a full four-body OCM calculation
• Extracting the QGP viscosity from RHIC data -- a status report from viscous hydrodynamics
• QCD phase diagram for nonzero isospin-asymmetry
• Shear Viscosity of a strongly interacting system: Green-Kubo vs. Chapman-Enskog and Relaxation Time Approximation
• Exploring the thermodynamics of a two-dimensional Bose gas
• Effect of bulk viscosity on Elliptic Flow near QCD phase transition
• Kubo formulas for relativistic fluids in strong magnetic fields
• Dissipative properties of hot and dense hadronic matter in excluded volume hadron resonance gas model
• New class of compact stars: Pion stars
• Viscosity coefficients for hadron and quark-gluon phases
• Shear Viscosities from the Chapman-Enskog and the Relaxation Time Approaches
• Two and Three-Pion Quantum Statistics Correlations in Pb-Pb Collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}=2.76$ TeV at the LHC
• Pion Condensation by Rotation in a Magnetic field
• Chemical non-equilibrium and deconfinement in 200 A GeV Sulphur induced reactions
• Bulk and shear viscosities of hot and dense hadron gas
• The Bulk Viscosity of a Pion Gas
• Bose-Einstein condensation of pions in heavy-ion collisions at the CERN Large Hadron Collider (LHC) energies
• Bose-Einstein Condensation in the Relativistic Pion Gas: Thermodynamic Limit and Finite Size Effects
• Bose-Einstein Condensation of Pions in High Multiplicity Events
• Probability distribution for the relative velocity of colliding particles in a relativistic classical gas
• Relativistic $<\sigma v_{\text{rel}}>$ in the calculation of relics abundances: a closer look
• Bulk Viscosity of a Gas of Massless Pions
• Shear Viscosity of a Hot Pion Gas
• Shear viscosity due to the Landau damping from quark-pion interaction
• Shear viscosity of pion gas due to $\rho \pi \pi$ and $\sigma \pi \pi$ interactions
• The nucleon thermal width due to pion-baryon loops and its contribution in Shear viscosity
• Calorimetry of a Bose-Einstein condensed photon gas
• Medium effects on the viscosities of a pion gas
• Scalar Field Dark Matter Spectator During Inflation: The Effect of Self-interaction
• Transport coefficients in Chiral Perturbation Theory
• Transport properties of hadronic matter in magnetic field
• Pion condensation in a dense neutrino gas
• On the order of BEC transition in weakly interacting gases predicted by mean-field theory
• Condensation of interacting scalar bosons at finite temperatures
• Magnetic catalysis of a finite size pion condensate
• Bose-Einstein condensation phenomenology in systems with repulsive interactions
• Comparison of Viscosities from the Chapman-Enskog and Relaxation Time Methods
• Thermodynamic and Transport Properties of Matter Formed in $pp$, $p$-Pb, Xe-Xe and Pb-Pb Collisions at the Large Hadron Collider using Color String Percolation Model
• Bose-Einstein condensation and non-extensive statistics
• Dissipative Properties and Isothermal Compressibility of Hot and Dense Hadron Gas using Non-extensive Statistics
• First-order Bose-Einstein condensation with three-body interacting bosons
• Bose-Einstein condensation of pions in proton-proton collisions at the Large Hadron Collider using non-extensive Tsallis statistics
• Critical point and Bose-Einstein condensation in pion matter
• Entropy of the BEC Ground State: Correlation vs Ground State Entropy
• Bose-Einstein condensation in a rigidly rotating relativistic boson gas
• Shear viscosity of ultrarelativistic Boson systems in the presence of a Bose-Einstein condensate
• Fluidity of the system produced in relativistic pp and heavy-ion collisions: Hadron resonance gas model approach
• First-order, continuous, and multicritical Bose-Einstein condensation in Bose mixtures
• Pion Number Fluctuations and Correlations in the Statistical System with Fixed Isospin
• Electrical conductivity and shear viscosity of a pion gas in a thermo-magnetic medium