Bose-Einstein condensation of pions in heavy-ion collisions at the CERN Large Hadron Collider (LHC) energies

Abstract

We analyse in detail the possibility of Bose-Einstein condensation of pions produced in heavy-ion collisions at the beam energy $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}$ = 2.76 TeV. Our approach is based on the chemical non-equilibrium thermal model of hadron production which has been generalised to include separately the contribution from the local zero-momentum state. In order to study both the hadronic multiplicities and the transverse-momentum spectra, we use the Cracow freeze-out model which parameterises the flow and space-time geometry of the system at freeze-out in a very economic way. Our analysis indicates that about 5% of all pions may form the Bose-Einstein condensate.

arXiv commentThe comparison with the equilibrium model is added to the section where we discuss pion spectra

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• Fluid velocity from transverse momentum spectra
• Resonance decay dynamics and their effects on $p_T$-spectra of pions in heavy-ion collisions
• Pion transverse-momentum spectrum and elliptic anisotropy of partially coherent source
• Bose-Einstein condensation of pions in proton-proton collisions at the Large Hadron Collider using non-extensive Tsallis statistics
• Non-equilibrium components in very low transverse momentum region in high-energy nuclear collisions
• Fluctuations in non-ideal pion gas with dynamically fixed particle number
• Critical point and Bose-Einstein condensation in pion matter
• The contributions of the vector-channel at finite isospin chemical potential with the self-consistent mean field approximation
• QCD phase diagram at finite isospin and baryon chemical potentials with the self-consistent mean field approximation
• Nonequilibrium pion distribution within the Zubarev approach
• Cluster production and the chemical freeze-out in expanding hot dense matter
• Phase diagram of interacting pion matter and isospin charge fluctuations
• Quantification of the low-$p_{\mathrm{T}}$ pion excess in heavy-ion collisions at the LHC and top RHIC energy
• Mapping properties of the quark gluon plasma in Pb-Pb and Xe-Xe collisions at energies available at the CERN Large Hadron Collider
• Strangeness and light fragment production at high baryon density
• Low-momentum pion enhancement from schematic hadronization of a gluon-saturated initial state
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• Quenching through the QCD chiral phase transition
• Nonequilibrium meson production in strong fields
• Emergent spin polarization from $\rho$ meson condensation in rotating hadronic matter
• Finite volume and magnetic field effects on the two-pion correlation function in relativistic heavy-ion collisions
• Inclusive spectra and Bose-Einstein correlations in small thermal quantum systems
• Long-range azimuthal correlations for partially coherent pion emission in proton-proton collisions
• Bose-Einstein Condensation and Dissipative Dynamics in a Relativistic Pion Gas
• Charge and isospin fluctuations in a non-ideal pion gas with dynamically fixed particle number