Perfectly Aligned Shallow Ensemble Nitrogen-Vacancy Centers in (111) Diamond

Abstract

We report the formation of perfectly aligned, high-density, shallow nitrogen vacancy (NV) centers on the ($111$) surface of a diamond. The study involved step-flow growth with a high flux of nitrogen during chemical vapor deposition (CVD) growth, which resulted in the formation of a highly concentrated (>$10^{19}$ cm${}^{-3}$) nitrogen layer approximately $10$ nm away from the substrate surface. Photon counts obtained from the NV centers indicated the presence of $6.1$x$10^{15}$-$3.1$x$10^{16}$ cm${}^{-3}$ NV centers, which suggested the formation of an ensemble of NV centers. The optically detected magnetic resonance (ODMR) spectrum confirmed perfect alignment (more than $99$ %) for all the samples fabricated by step-flow growth via CVD. Perfectly aligned shallow ensemble NV centers indicated a high Rabi contrast of approximately $30$ % which is comparable to the values reported for a single NV center. Nanoscale NMR demonstrated surface-sensitive nuclear spin detection and provided a confirmation of the NV centers depth. Single NV center approximation indicated that the depth of the NV centers was approximately $9$-$10.7$ nm from the surface with error of less than $\pm$$0.8$ nm. Thus, a route for material control of shallow NV centers has been developed by step-flow growth using a CVD system. Our finding pioneers on the atomic level control of NV center alignment for large area quantum magnetometry.

arXiv comment12 pages, 4 figures

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Cited by in corpus (16)

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• Highly sensitive macro-scale diamond magnetometer operated by dynamical decoupling sequence with coplanar waveguide resonator
• Simultaneous Wide-field Imaging of Phase and Magnitude of AC Magnetic Signal Using Diamond Quantum Magnetometry
• Electron-electron double resonance detected NMR spectroscopy using ensemble NV centers at 230 GHz and 8.3 Tesla
• Temperature dependent coherence properties of NV ensemble in diamond up to 600K
• Wide-field diamond magnetometry with millihertz frequency resolution and nanotesla sensitivity
• Wide-field quantitative magnetic imaging of superconducting vortices using perfectly aligned quantum sensors
• Influence of extended defects on the formation energy, the hyperfine structure, and the zero-field splitting of NV centers in diamond
• Temperature Sensing with RF-Dressed States of Nitrogen-Vacancy Centers in Diamond
• Electron-spin double resonance of nitrogen-vacancy centers in diamond under strong driving field
• A strongly interacting, two-dimensional, dipolar spin ensemble in (111)-oriented diamond
• Magnon Condensation in a Dense Nitrogen-Vacancy Spin Ensemble
• Fast coherent control of nitrogen-14 spins associated with nitrogen-vacancy centers in diamonds using dynamical decoupling
• Efficient creation of shallow NV${}^{-}$ ensembles by high-angle ion implantation