Aperiodic topological order in the domain configurations of functional materials

Abstract

In numerous functional materials, such as steels, ferroelectrics and magnets, new functionalities can be achieved through the engineering of the domain structures, which are associated with the ordering of certain parameters within the material. The recent progress in imaging techniques with atomic-scale spatial resolution transformed our understanding of domain topology revealing that, along with simple stripe-like or irregularly shaped domains, intriguing vortex-type topological domain configurations also exist. In this Review, we present a new classification scheme of "ZmxZn domains with Zl vortices" for two-dimensional macroscopic domain structures with m directional variants and n translational antiphases. This classification, together with the concept of topological protection and topological charge conservation, can be applied to a wide range of materials, such as multiferroics, improper ferroelectrics, layered transition-metal dichalcogenides and magnetic superconductors, as we discuss through selected examples. The resulting topological considerations provide a new basis for the understanding of the formation, kinetics, manipulation and property optimization of domains and domain boundaries in functional materials.

49 pages, 5 figures, 2 boxes and 2 tables

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Cited by in corpus (10)

• Subterahertz collective dynamics of polar vortices
• Topological Landscape of Competing Charge Density Waves in 2H-NbSe2
• Gadolinium halide monolayers: a fertile family of two-dimensional 4f magnets
• Mapping the structural transitions controlled by the trilinear coupling in Ca3-xSrxTi2O7
• Three-dimensional vortex structures and dynamics in hexagonal manganites
• Coupled structural distortions, domains, and control of phase competition in polar SmBaMn${}_2$O${}_6$
• Ferroelectric Switching Pathways and Domain Structure of SrBi${}_2$(Ta,Nb)${}_2$O${}_9$ from First Principles
• Two-dimensional chiral stacking orders in quasi-one-dimensional charge density waves
• Observation of universal topological magnetoelectric switching in multiferroic GdMn2O5
• Creating topological polar structure in a nonpolar matter