Numerical simulations of necklaces in SU(2) gauge-Higgs field theory

Abstract

We perform the first numerical simulations of necklaces in a non-Abelian gauge theory. Necklaces are composite classical solutions which can be interpreted as monopoles trapped on strings, rather generic structures in a Grand Unified Theory. We generate necklaces from random initial conditions, modelling a phase transition in the early Universe, and study the evolution. For all cases, we find that the necklace system shows scaling behaviour similar to that of a network of ordinary cosmic strings. Furthermore, our simulations indicate that comoving distance between the monopoles or semipoles along the string asymptotes to a constant value at late times. This means that while the monopole-to-string energy density ratio decreases as the inverse of the scale factor, a horizon-size length of string has a large number of monopoles, significantly affecting the dynamics of string loops. We argue that gravitational wave bounds from millisecond pulsar timing on the string tension in the Nambu-Goto scenario are greatly relaxed.

15 pages, 8 figures; v2: Figs. 2 (bottom) and 4 (top) corrected, some discussion added, results unchanged, accepted by PRD

References in corpus (10)

• CMB power spectrum contribution from cosmic strings using field-evolution simulations of the Abelian Higgs model
• CMB constraints on cosmic strings and superstrings
• New CMB constraints for Abelian Higgs cosmic strings
• Evolution of cosmic superstring networks: a numerical simulation
• Scaling in a SU(2)/Z_3 model of cosmic superstring networks
• Cosmic Necklaces from String Theory
• New solutions for non-Abelian cosmic strings
• Survival of pq-superstrings in field theory simulations
• Super-horizon cosmic string correlations
• 't Hooft-Polyakov monopoles in lattice SU(N)+adjoint Higgs theory

Cited by in corpus (16)

• Beyond the Standard Models with Cosmic Strings
• Scaling from gauge and scalar radiation in Abelian Higgs string networks
• GUT Physics in the era of the LHC
• Cosmic strings from pure Yang-Mills theory
• Non-Abelian gauge preheating
• Baryon-Dark Matter Coincidence in Mirrored Unification
• Cosmic F- and D-strings from pure Yang-Mills theory
• Measuring Global Monopole Velocities, one by one
• Q-Monopole-Ball: A Topological and Nontopological Soliton
• Gauge Kinetic Mixing and Dark Topological Defects
• Detection of Low Tension Cosmic Superstrings
• Abelian-Higgs Cosmic String Evolution with CUDA
• General purpose graphics-processing-unit implementation of cosmological domain wall network evolution
• Scaling in necklaces of monopoles and semipoles
• Evolution of Semilocal String Networks: II. Velocity estimators
• Interactions of electrical and magnetic charges and dark topological defects