Monopoles on strings

Abstract

In cosmological scenarios based on grand unification, string theory or braneworlds, many kinds of topological or non-topological defects, including monopoles and cosmic strings, are predicted to be formed in the early universe. Here we review specifically the physics of composite objects involving monopoles tied to strings. There is a wide variety of these, including for example "dumbbells" and "necklaces," depending on how many strings attach to each monopole and on the extent to which the various fluxes are confined to the strings. We also briefly survey the prospects for observing such structures, the existing observational limits, and potential evidence for a cosmological role.

21 pages. Revised version with extra references. To be published in 40th anniversary issue of J. Phys. G

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Cited by in corpus (26)

• Beyond the Standard Models with Cosmic Strings
• Stochastic gravitational-wave background from metastable cosmic strings
• Half-quantum vortices and walls bounded by strings in the polar-distorted phases of topological superfluid ${}^3$He
• Monopoles, Strings, and Necklaces in $SO(10)$ and $E_6$
• Cosmic strings and primordial black holes
• Relations among topological solitons
• Composite Topological Structures in SO(10)
• String monopoles, string walls, vortex-skyrmions and nexus objects in polar distorted B-phase of ${}^3$He
• Metastable strings and dumbbells in supersymmetric hybrid inflation
• New solutions for non-Abelian cosmic strings
• Numerical simulations of necklaces in SU(2) gauge-Higgs field theory
• Optical analysis of a CMB cosmic string candidate
• Revisiting Metastable Cosmic String Breaking
• Gauge Kinetic Mixing and Dark Topological Defects
• Topological structures, dark matter and gravitational waves in $E_6$
• Quantum tunneling in the early universe: Stable magnetic monopoles from metastable cosmic strings
• Scaling in necklaces of monopoles and semipoles
• Kinetic Mixing, Proton Decay and Gravitational Waves in SO(10)
• Dynamics of Confined Monopoles and Similarities with Confined Quarks
• One dimensional nexus objects, network of Kibble-Lazarides-Shafi string walls, and their spin dynamic response in polar distorted B-phase of ${}^3$He
• Kibble mechanism for electroweak magnetic monopoles and magnetic fields
• Isospin Invariance and the Vacuum Polarization Energy of Cosmic Strings
• Monopole Breaking of Chern-Weil Symmetries
• Interactions of electrical and magnetic charges and dark topological defects
• Sir Thomas Walter Bannerman Kibble CBE
• Metastable cosmic strings are broken at the start