G11.92-0.61 MM1: A Keplerian disc around a massive young proto-O star

Abstract

The formation process of massive stars is not well understood, and advancement in our understanding benefits from high resolution observations and modelling of the gas and dust surrounding individual high-mass (proto)stars. Here we report sub-arcsecond (<1550 au) resolution observations of the young massive star G11.92-0.61 MM1 with the SMA and VLA. Our 1.3 mm SMA observations reveal consistent velocity gradients in compact molecular line emission from species such as CH${}_3$CN, CH${}_3$OH, OCS, HNCO, H${}_2$CO, DCN and CH${}_3$CH${}_2$CN, oriented perpendicular to the previously reported bipolar molecular outflow from MM1. Modelling of the compact gas kinematics suggests a structure undergoing rotation around the peak of the dust continuum emission. The rotational profile can be well fit by a model of a Keplerian disc, including infall, surrounding an enclosed mass of 30-60M${}_{\odot }$, of which 2-3M${}_{\odot }$ is attributed to the disc. From modelling the CH${}_3$CN emission, we determine that two temperature components, of 150 K and 230 K, are required to adequately reproduce the spectra. Our 0.9 and 3.0cm VLA continuum data exhibit an excess above the level expected from dust emission; the full centimetre-submillimetre wavelength spectral energy distribution of MM1 is well reproduced by a model including dust emission, an unresolved hypercompact Hıı region, and a compact ionised jet. In combination, our results suggest that MM1 is an example of a massive proto-O star forming via disc accretion, in a similar way to that of lower mass stars.

18 pages, 9 figures. Accepted to MNRAS

References in corpus (16)

• Photoevaporation of protoplanetary discs II: evolutionary models and observable properties
• A Catalog of Extended Green Objects (EGOs) in the GLIMPSE Survey: A new sample of massive young stellar object outflow candidates
• Circumventing the radiation pressure barrier in the formation of massive stars via disk accretion
• A Class I and Class II Methanol Maser Survey of Extended Green Objects (EGOs) from the GLIMPSE Survey
• Three-dimensional simulation of massive star formation in the disk accretion scenario
• A hot compact dust disk around a massive young stellar object
• ALMA hints at the presence of two companions in the disk around HD 100546
• The Luminosity Functions and Timescales of MYSOs and Compact HII regions
• Trigonometric Parallaxes of Star Forming Regions in the Scutum Spiral Arm
• Investigating the inner discs of Herbig Ae/Be stars with CO bandhead and Br Gamma emission
• Subarcsecond Imaging of the NGC 6334 I(N) Protocluster: Two Dozen Compact Sources and a Massive Disk Candidate
• G11.92-0.61-MM2: A Bonafide Massive Prestellar Core?
• Arcsecond Scale Kinematic and Chemical Complexity in Cepheus A-East
• ALMA reveals a candidate hot and compact disk around the O-type protostar IRAS 16547$-$4247
• Kinematics of a hot massive accretion disk candidate
• High-resolution study of a star-forming cluster in the Cep-A HW2 region

Cited by in corpus (54)

• Complex organic molecules in low-mass protostars on solar system scales -- I. Oxygen-bearing species
• Towards a population synthesis model of self-gravitating disc fragmentation and tidal downsizing II: The effect of fragment-fragment interactions
• Forming spectroscopic massive proto-binaries by disk fragmentation
• Substructures in the Keplerian disc around the O-type (proto)star G17.64+0.16
• Modeling disk fragmentation and multiplicity in massive star formation
• Complex organic molecules in low-mass protostars on Solar System scales -- II. Nitrogen-bearing species
• Thermal Feedback in the high-mass star and cluster forming region W51
• PRODIGE -- Envelope to Disk with NOEMA II. Small-scale temperature structure and a streamer feeding the SVS13A protobinary using CH3CN and DCN
• Radiation-hydrodynamical simulations of massive star formation using Monte Carlo radiative transfer II. The formation of a 25 solar-mass star
• An Asymmetric Keplerian Disk Surrounding the O-type Protostar IRAS16547$-$4247
• ALMA View of the Infalling Envelope around a Massive Protostar in S255IR SMA1
• Disk Kinematics and Stability in High-Mass Star Formation: Linking Simulations and Observations
• Dynamics of a Massive Binary at Birth
• Parameter study for the burst mode of accretion in massive star formation
• On the episodic excursions of massive protostars in the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram
• Importance of source structure on complex organics emission. I. Observations of CH${}_3$OH from low-mass to high-mass protostars
• Self-gravitating disc candidates around massive young stars
• Importance of source structure on complex organics emission II. Can disks explain lack of methanol emission from some low-mass protostars?
• Kinematics and stability of high-mass protostellar disk candidates at sub-arcsecond resolution -- Insights from the IRAM NOEMA large program CORE
• The circumestellar disk of the B0 protostar powering the HH 80-81 radio jet
• Multiplicity and disks within the high-mass core NGC7538IRS1: Resolving cm line and continuum emission at ~0.06"x0.05" resolution
• Trigonometric distance and proper motions of H2O maser bowshocks in AFGL 5142
• VLA Survey of Dense Gas in Extended Green Objects: Prevalence of 25 GHz Methanol Masers
• ALMA observations of the Extended Green Object G19.01$-$0.03: I. A Keplerian disc in a massive protostellar system
• A Detailed View of the Circumstellar Environment and Disk of the Forming O-star AFGL 4176
• Gas dynamics in the inner few AU around the Herbig B[e] star MWC297: Indications of a disk wind from kinematic modeling and velocity-resolved interferometric imaging
• Massive Protostars in a Protocluster -- A Multi-Scale ALMA View of G35.20-0.74N
• The first interferometric survey in the K-band of massive YSOs. On the hot dust, ionised gas, and binarity at au scales
• A photoionized accretion disk around a young high-mass star
• Disk fragmentation in high-mass star formation. High-resolution observations towards AFGL 2591-VLA 3
• Importance of source structure on complex organics emission III. Effect of disks around massive protostars
• Episodic accretion and mergers during growth of massive protostars
• SMA Observations of the Hot Molecular Core IRAS 18566+0408
• A multi-scale exploration of a massive young stellar object - a transition disk around G305.20+0.21?
• Mixing of materials in magnetised core-collapse supernova remnants
• Discovery of a 500 au Protobinary in the Massive Prestellar Core G11.92-0.61 MM2
• Outflow-Confined HII regions. II. The Early Break-Out Phase
• The disk-outflow system around the rare young O-type protostar W42-MME
• Resolving the MYSO binaries PDS 27 and PDS 37 with VLTI/PIONIER
• The burst mode of accretion in massive star formation with stellar inertia
• The young stellar content of the giant HII regions M8, G333.6-0.2, and NGC6357 with VLT/KMOS
• SOFIA {\it FORCAST} Photometry of 12 Extended Green Objects in the Milky Way
• Massive pre-main-sequence stars in M17: $1^{\mathrm{st}}$ and $2^{\mathrm{nd}}$ overtone CO bandhead emission and the thermal infrared
• K-band High-Resolution Spectroscopy of Embedded Massive Protostars
• Orientation effect on the ligh curve shape of periodic methanol maser sources
• Vibrationally-excited Lines of HC${}_3$N Associated with the Molecular Disk around the G24.78+0.08 A1 Hyper-compact H${}_{\mathrm{II}}$ Region
• A probable Keplerian disk feeding an optically revealed massive young star
• A new phase of massive star formation? A luminous outflow cavity centred on an infrared quiet core
• Protostellar Outflows at the EarliesT Stages (POETS) VI. Evidence of disk-wind in G11.92-0.61 MM1
• Testing the stability of supersonic ionized Bondi accretion flows with radiation hydrodynamics
• Can planet formation resolve the dust budget crisis in high redshift galaxies?
• ALMA detections of circumstellar disks in the giant Hii region M17. Probing the intermediate- to high-mass pre-main-sequence population
• Surveys of clumps, cores, and condensations in Cygnus-X: Searching for Keplerian disks on the scale of 500 au
• First spatially resolved Na I and He I transitions towards an MYSO. Finding new tracers for the gaseous star/disc interface