Non-thermal separation of electronic and structural orders in a persisting charge density wave

Abstract

The simultaneous ordering of different degrees of freedom in complex materials undergoing spontaneous symmetry-breaking transitions often involves intricate couplings that have remained elusive in phenomena as wide ranging as stripe formation, unconventional superconductivity or colossal magnetoresistance. Ultrafast optical, x-ray and electron pulses can elucidate the microscopic interplay between these orders by probing the electronic and lattice dynamics separately, but a simultaneous direct observation of multiple orders on the femtosecond scale has been challenging. Here we show that ultrabroadband terahertz pulses can simultaneously trace the ultrafast evolution of coexisting lattice and electronic orders. For the example of a charge-density-wave (CDW) in 1T-TiSe2, we demonstrate that two components of the CDW order parameter - excitonic correlations and a periodic lattice distortion (PLD) - respond very differently to 12-fs optical excitation. Even when the excitonic order of the CDW is quenched, the PLD can persist in a coherently excited state. This observation proves that excitonic correlations are not the sole driving force of the CDW transition in 1T-TiSe2, and exemplifies the sort of profound insight that disentangling strongly coupled components of order parameters in the time domain may provide for the understanding of a broad class of phase transitions.

References in corpus (15)

• Complexity in Strongly Correlated Electronic Systems
• Long-range incommensurate charge fluctuations in (Y,Nd)Ba2Cu3O(6+x)
• Superconductivity in Cu_xTiSe_2
• Ubiquitous Interplay between Charge Ordering and High-Temperature Superconductivity in Cuprates
• Evidence for an excitonic insulator phase in 1T-TiSe${}_2$
• Higgs Amplitude Mode in BCS Superconductors Nb${}_{1-x}$Ti${}_x$N induced by Terahertz Pulse Excitation
• Ultrafast changes in lattice symmetry probed by coherent phonons
• Coherent dynamics of macroscopic electronic order through a symmetry-breaking transition
• Fermi Surface Nesting and Nanoscale Fluctuating Charge/Orbital Ordering in Colossal Magnetoresistive Oxides
• Ultrafast transient generation of spin-densitywave order in the normal state of BaFe2As2 driven by coherent lattice vibrations
• Fluctuating charge density waves in a cuprate superconductor
• Chiral charge-density-waves
• Semimetal to semimetal charge density wave transition in 1T-TiSe${}_2$
• Spontaneous exciton condensation in 1T-TiSe2: a BCS-like approach
• Electron-Phonon Coupling and the Soft Phonon Mode in TiSe${}_2$

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