A Precise Determination of the Mid-Infrared Interstellar Extinction Law Based on the APOGEE Spectroscopic Survey

Abstract

A precise measure of the mid-infrared interstellar extinction law is crucial to the investigation of the properties of interstellar dust, especially of the grains in the large size end. Based on the stellar parameters derived from the SDSS-III/APOGEE spectroscopic survey, we select a large sample of G- and K-type giants as the tracers of the Galactic mid-infrared extinction. We calculate the intrinsic stellar color excesses from the stellar effective temperatures and use them to determine the mid-infrared extinction for a given line of sight. For the entire sky of the Milky Way surveyed by APOGEE, we derive the extinction (relative to the K${}_{\mathrm{S}}$ band at wavelength $\lambda =2.16\mu$m) for the four WISE bands at 3.4, 4.6, 12 and 22$\mu$m, the four Spitzer/IRAC bands at 3.6, 4.5, 5.8 and 8$\mu$m, the Spitzer/MIPS24 band at 23.7$\mu$m and for the first time, the AKARI/S9W band at 8.23$\mu$m. Our results agree with previous works in that the extinction curve is flat in the ~3--8$\mu$m wavelength range and is generally consistent with the $R_V=5.5$ model curve except our determination exceeds the model prediction in the WISE/W4 band. Although some previous works found that the mid-IR extinction law appears to vary with the extinction depth $A_{{\mathrm{K}}_{\mathrm{S}}}$, no noticeable variation has been found in this work. The uncertainties are analyzed in terms of the bootstrap resampling method and Monte-Carlo simulation and are found to be rather small.

The bandpass coverage of WISE in Fig.18 changed from photon-counting relative system response (RSR) to QE-based (response per photon) RSR

References in corpus (10)

• The Eleventh and Twelfth Data Releases of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey: Final Data from SDSS-III
• The 2.5 m Telescope of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey
• Observations of the Icy Universe
• A Unified Representation of Gas-Phase Element Depletions in the Interstellar Medium
• The Mid-Infrared Extinction Law in the Ophiuchus, Perseus, and Serpens Molecular Clouds
• A 24 Micron Point Source Catalog of the Galactic Plane from Spitzer/MIPSGAL
• The Relationship between the Optical Depth of the 9.7 micron Silicate Absorption Feature and Infrared Differential Extinction in Dense Clouds
• Very Large Interstellar Grains as Evidenced by the Mid-Infrared Extinction
• Photometry using the Infrared Array Camera on the Spitzer Space Telescope
• Modeling the Infrared Interstellar Extinction

Cited by in corpus (72)

• The Optical to Mid-Infrared Extinction Law Based on the APOGEE, Gaia DR2, Pan-STARRS1, SDSS, APASS, 2MASS and WISE Surveys
• A three-dimensional map of the Milky Way using classical Cepheid variable stars
• A new mass-loss rate prescription for red supergiants
• A dust-enshrouded tidal disruption event with a resolved radio jet in a galaxy merger
• The wind speeds, dust content, and mass-loss rates of evolved AGB and RSG stars at varying metallicity
• The Astrodust+PAH Model: A Unified Description of the Extinction, Emission, and Polarization from Dust in the Diffuse Interstellar Medium
• An intuitive 3D map of the Galactic warp's precession traced by classical Cepheids
• Observational Constraints on the Physical Properties of Interstellar Dust in the Post-Planck Era
• Milky Way Mid-Infrared Spitzer Spectroscopic Extinction Curves: Continuum and Silicate Features
• SPICY: The Spitzer/IRAC Candidate YSO Catalog for the Inner Galactic Midplane
• The electron-capture origin of supernova 2018zd
• Detection of very high energy gamma-ray emission from the gravitationally-lensed blazar QSO B0218+357 with the MAGIC telescopes
• A Survey for New Members of Taurus from Stellar to Planetary Masses
• The empirical Gaia G-band extinction coefficient
• Red clump stars and Gaia: Calibration of the standard candle using a hierarchical probabilistic model
• New Young Stars and Brown Dwarfs in the Upper Scorpius Association
• A Massive Shell of Supernova-formed Dust in SNR G54.1+0.3
• Star-forming content of the giant molecular filaments in the Milky Way
• A Comprehensive Analysis of Spitzer Supernovae
• Detection of PAH Absorption and Determination of the Mid-Infrared Diffuse Interstellar Extinction Curve from the Sightline Toward Cyg OB2-12
• A WISE Survey of Circumstellar disks in the Upper Scorpius Association
• A Survey For Planetary-mass Brown Dwarfs in the Taurus and Perseus Star-forming Regions
• A Systematic Study of the dust of Galactic Supernova Remnants I. The Distance and the Extinction
• Mapping the Extinction Curve in 3D: Structure on Kiloparsec Scales
• The Near-infrared Optimal Distances Method Applied to Galactic Classical Cepheids Tightly Constrains Mid-infrared Period--Luminosity Relations
• THEMIS 2.0: A self-consistent model for dust extinction, emission, and polarisation
• Characterizing Dust Attenuation in Local Star-Forming Galaxies: Near-Infrared Reddening and Normalization
• Absorption and scattering by interstellar dust in the silicon K-edge of GX 5-1
• Structure and Fragmentation of a high line-mass filament: Nessie
• The Distance and the near-IR extinction of the Monoceros Supernova Remnant
• Completing the Census of AGN in GOODS-S/HUDF: New Ultra-Deep Radio Imaging and Predictions for JWST
• Red supergiant stars in the Large Magellanic Cloud. II. Infrared properties and mid-infrared variability
• CHANG-ES X: Spatially-resolved Separation of Thermal Contribution from Radio Continuum Emission in Edge-on Galaxies
• Revision of Stellar Intrinsic Colors in the Infrared by the Spectroscopic Surveys
• Red supergiants in M31 and M33 II. The Mass Loss Rate
• An extremely low mid-infrared extinction law toward the Galactic Center and 4% distance precision to 55 classical Cepheids
• A three-dimensional map of the Milky Way using 66,000 Mira variable stars
• The Ultraviolet Extinction in the $GALEX$ Bands
• A ZTF Look at Optical Variability of Young Stellar Objects in the North America and Pelican Nebulae Complex
• The Optical -- Mid-infrared Extinction Law of the l=165 Sightline in the Galactic Plane: Diversity of Extinction Law in the Diffuse Interstellar Medium
• The Ultraviolet Extinction Map and Dust Property at High Galactic Latitude
• Interstellar Silicon Depletion and the Ultraviolet Extinction
• Impact of distance determinations on Galactic structure. I. Young and intermediate-age tracers
• The Optical to Infrared Extinction Law of Magellanic Clouds Based on Red Supergiant and Classical Cepheid
• Interstellar Extinction and Elemental Abundances
• The mid-infrared molecular inventory towards Orion IRc2
• Extinction of Taurus, Orion, Perseus and California Molecular Clouds Based on the LAMOST, 2MASS and Gaia surveys I: Three-dimensional Extinction and Structure
• The outbursting protostar 2MASS~22352345+7517076 and its environment
• The Discovery of lambda Bootis Stars -- The Southern Survey II
• Searching for Anomalies in the ZTF Catalog of Periodic Variable Stars
• A Test of the Neutron Star Hypothesis for Fomalhaut b
• Ice Age : Chemo-dynamical modeling of Cha-MMS1 to predict new solid-phase species for detection with JWST
• Collisions of Terrestrial Worlds: The Occurrence of Extreme Mid-Infrared Excesses around Low-Mass Field Stars
• CO line observations of OH/IR stars in the inner Galactic Bulge: Characteristics of stars at the tip of the AGB
• Intrinsic Color Indices of Early-Type Dwarf Stars
• Optical reconstruction of dust in the region of SNR RX J1713.7-3946 from astrometric data
• The impact of third dredge-up on the mass loss of Mira variables
• On the discrepancy between the X-ray and UV absorption measurements of OVI in the local ISM
• New eruptive variable in the massive star-forming region associated with IRAS 18507+0121 source
• The JWST/AURORA Survey: Multiple Balmer and Paschen Emission Lines for Individual Star-forming Galaxies at z=1.5-4.4. I. A Diversity of Nebular Attenuation Curves and Evidence for Non-Unity Dust Covering Fractions
• Infrared Excess of a Large OB Star Sample
• Exploring Be phenomena in OBA stars: a Mid-infrared search
• On the Absorption Properties of Metallic Needles
• On the Relation of Silicates and SiO Maser in Evolved Stars
• Optical properties of elongated conducting grains
• [CII] emission properties of the massive star-forming region RCW36 in a filamentary molecular cloud
• The evolutionary state of the red giant star L${}_2$ Puppis
• Identification and parameter determination of F-type Herbig stars from LAMOST DR8
• Searching for Galactic Red Supergiants with Gaia RVS Spectra
• Ionized Gas in the NGC 5253 Supernebula:High Spatial and Spectral Resolution Observations with the JVLA and TEXES
• The Evolutionary Path of Star-Forming Clumps in Hi-GAL
• Distance estimation of the high-velocity cloud Anti-Center Shell