Carbon Chains and Methanol toward Embedded Protostars

Abstract

Large interstellar organic molecules are potential precursors of prebiotic molecules. Their formation pathways and chemical relationships with one another and simpler molecules are therefore of great interest. In this paper, we address the relationship between two classes of large organic molecules, carbon chains and saturated complex organic molecules (COMs), at the early stages of star formation through observations of C4H and CH3OH. We surveyed these molecules with the IRAM 30m telescope toward 16 deeply embedded low-mass protostars selected from the Spitzer c2d ice survey. We find that CH3OH and C4H are positively correlated indicating that these two classes of molecules can coexist during the embedded protostellar stage. The C4H/CH3OH gas abundance ratio tentatively correlates with the CH4/CH3OH ice abundance ratio in the same lines of sight. This relationship supports a scenario where carbon chain formation in protostellar envelopes begins with CH4 ice desorption.

Accepted for publication by ApJ, 10 Pages, 7 Figures, 4 Tables

References in corpus (8)

• Observations of the Icy Universe
• Complex Chemistry in Star-Forming Regions: An Expanded Gas-Grain Warm-up Chemical Model
• Formation of methyl formate and other organic species in the warm-up phase of hot molecular cores
• The Evolution of Outflow-Envelope Interactions in Low-Mass Protostars
• Formation of complex organic molecules in cold objects: the role of gas phase reactions
• Spitzer IRS Spectra and Envelope Models of Class I Protostars in Taurus
• Structure and dynamics of the class I young stellar object L1489 IRS
• Complex organic molecules during low-mass star formation: Pilot survey results

Cited by in corpus (30)

• Questioning the spatial origin of complex organic molecules in young protostars with the CALYPSO survey
• The census of interstellar complex organic molecules in the Class I hot corino of SVS13-A
• Chemical differentiation in a prestellar core traces non-uniform illumination
• L483: Warm Carbon-Chain Chemistry Source Harboring Hot Corino Activity
• Complex Organic Molecules Towards Embedded Low-Mass Protostars
• Upper limits on CH${}_3$OH in the HD 163296 protoplanetary disk: evidence for a low gas-phase CH${}_3$OH/H${}_2$CO ratio
• Chemical survey toward young stellar objects in the Perseus molecular cloud complex
• Chemical Variation among Protostellar Cores: Dependence on Prestellar Core Conditions
• Carbon-Chain Chemistry in the Interstellar Medium
• Detection of Complex Organic Molecules in Young Starless Core L1521E
• Detection of phosphorus-bearing molecules towards a Solar-type protostar
• Sulfur-Bearing Species Tracing the Disk/Envelope System in the Class I Protostellar Source Elias 29
• Desorption Kinetics and Binding Energies of Small Hydrocarbons
• Chemical survey of Class I protostars with the IRAM-30m
• Chemistry in a forming protoplanetary disk: main accretion phase
• The evolution of temperature and density structures of OB cluster-forming molecular clumps
• Carbon Chain Molecules Toward Embedded Low-Mass Protostars
• Resolved molecular line observations reveal an inherited molecular layer in the young disk around TMC1A
• A sensitive 3 mm line survey of L483: a broad view of the chemical composition of a core around a Class 0 object
• Hunting for hot corinos and WCCC sources in the OMC-2/3 filament
• The connection between warm carbon chain chemistry and interstellar irradiation of star-forming cores
• On the origin of C${}_4$H and CH${}_3$OH in protostellar envelopes
• New Detections of Phosphorus Molecules towards Solar-type Protostars
• ALMA reveals thermal and non-thermal desorption of methanol ice in the HD 100546 protoplanetary disk
• Chemical Differentiation around Five Massive Protostars Revealed by ALMA -Carbon-Chain Species, Oxygen-/Nitrogen-Bearing Complex Organic Molecules-
• Identification of hot gas around low-mass protostars
• Carbon-Chain Chemistry vs. Complex-Organic-Molecule Chemistry in Envelopes around Three Low-Mass Young Stellar Objects in the Perseus Region
• First observations of warm and cold methanol in Class 0/I proto-brown dwarfs
• Cyanopolyyne line survey towards high-mass star-forming regions with TMRT
• Parsec scales of carbon chain and complex organic molecules in AFGL 2591 and IRAS 20126