Sulfur-Bearing Species Tracing the Disk/Envelope System in the Class I Protostellar Source Elias 29

Abstract

We have observed the Class I protostellar source Elias 29 with Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA). We have detected CS, SO, ${}^{34}$SO, SO${}_2$, and SiO line emissions in a compact component concentrated near the protostar and a ridge component separated from the protostar by 4\arcsec\ ($\sim 500$ au). The former component is found to be abundant in SO and SO${}_2$ but deficient in CS. The abundance ratio SO/CS is as high as $3_{-2}^{+13}\times 10^2$ at the protostar, which is even higher than that in the outflow-shocked region of L1157 B1. However, organic molecules (HCOOCH${}_3$, CH${}_3$OCH${}_3$, CCH, and c-C${}_3$H${}_2$) are deficient in Elias 29. We attribute the deficiency in organic molecules and richness in SO and SO${}_2$ to the evolved nature of the source or the relatively high dust temperature (\protect\raisebox{-0.7ex}{$\stackrel{>}{\sim }$} 20 K) in the parent cloud of Elias 29. The SO and SO${}_2$ emissions trace rotation around the protostar. Assuming a highly inclined configuration ($i\ge 65$\degr; 0\degr\ for a face-on configuration) and Keplerian motion for simplicity, the protostellar mass is estimated to be (0.8 -- 1.0) \Msun. The ${}^{34}$SO and SO${}_2$ emissions are asymmetric in their spectra; the blue-shifted components are weaker than the red-shifted ones. Although this may be attributed to the asymmetric molecular distribution, other possibilities are also discussed.

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