The Physical and Chemical Structure of Hot Molecular Cores

Abstract

We have made self-consistent models of the density and temperature profiles of the gas and dust surrounding embedded luminous objects using a detailed radiative transfer model together with observations of the spectral energy distribution of hot molecular cores. Using these profiles we have investigated the hot core chemistry which results when grain mantles are evaporated, taking into account the different binding energies of the mantle molecules, as well a model in which we assume that all molecules are embedded in water ice and have a common binding energy. We find that most of the resulting column densities are consistent with those observed toward the hot core G34.3+0.15 at a time around 10${}^4$ years after central luminous star formation. We have also investigated the dependence of the chemical structure on the density profile which suggests an observational possibility of constraining density profiles from determination of the source sizes of line emission from desorbed molecules.

arXiv comment14 pages, accepted for publication in Astronomy and Astrophysics

References in corpus (12)

• On the Formation of Massive Stars
• On the formation of massive stars
• The Definitive Abundance of Interstellar Oxygen
• Thermal Desorption of Water-Ice in the Interstellar Medium
• Structure and Evolution of the Envelopes of Deeply Embedded Massive Young Stars
• Does IRAS 16293-2422 have a hot core? Chemical inventory and abundance changes in its protostellar environment
• The Abundance of Interstellar Nitrogen
• Chemistry as a probe of the structures and evolution of massive star forming regions
• A Model for the Internal Structure of Molecular Cloud Cores
• Evolution of Molecular Abundance in Protoplanetary Disks
• Models for Dense Molecular Cloud Cores
• Structure and Instabilities of an Irradiated Viscous Protoplanetary Disk

Cited by in corpus (81)

• Formation rates of complex organics in UV irradiated CH3OH-rich ices I: Experiments
• Evaporation of ices near massive stars: models based on laboratory TPD data
• The c2d Spitzer spectroscopic survey of ices around low-mass young stellar objects II: CO2
• A cold complex chemistry toward the low-mass protostar B1-b: evidence for complex molecule production in ices
• Resetting chemical clocks of hot cores based on S-bearing molecules
• A line confusion limited millimeter survey of Orion KL (I): sulfur carbon chains
• The effect of uncertainties on chemical models of dark clouds
• Chemistry in Infrared Dark Clouds
• Chemical Evolution in High-Mass Star-Forming Regions: Results from the MALT90 Survey
• From planetesimals to planets: volatile molecules
• Submillimeter ALMA Observations of the Dense Gas in the Low-Luminosity Type-1 Active Nucleus of NGC 1097
• From stellar nebula to planetesimals
• A Molecular Line Observation toward Massive Clumps Associated with Infrared Dark Clouds
• The Arecibo Arp 220 Spectral Census I: Discovery of the Pre-Biotic Molecule Methanimine and New Cm-wavelength Transitions of Other Molecules
• Outflow and dense gas emission from massive Infrared Dark Clouds
• Submillimeter-HCN Diagram for an Energy Diagnostics in the Centers of Galaxies
• Molecular line survey of the high-mass star-forming region NGC 6334I with Herschel/HIFI and the SMA
• Star formation and nuclear activity in luminous infrared galaxies: An infrared through radio review
• Comparative study of complex N- and O-bearing molecules in hot molecular cores
• Accelerating infall and rotational spin-up in the hot molecular core G31.41+0.31
• Different Evolutionary Stages in the Massive Star Forming Region S255 Complex
• Kinematics and Chemistry of the Hot Molecular Core in G34.26+0.15 at High Resolution
• A MALT90 study of the chemical properties of massive clumps and filaments of infrared dark clouds
• High Resolution Mid-Infrared Spectroscopy of NGC 7538 IRS 1: Probing Chemistry in a Massive Young Stellar Object
• Chemical Diversity in High-Mass Star Formation
• Detection of a hot molecular core in the Large Magellanic Cloud with ALMA
• The Masers Towards IRAS 20126+4104
• The detection of a hot molecular core in the extreme outer Galaxy
• Trans-ethyl methyl ether in space - A new look at a complex molecule in selected hot core regions
• Chemical differentiation in regions of high-mass star formation I. CS, dust and N2H^+ in southern sources
• The Spatial Distribution of Organics toward the High-Mass YSO NGC 7538 IRS9
• Effects of accretion flow on the chemical structure in the inner regions of protoplanetary disks
• Complex organic molecules in organic-poor massive young stellar objects
• Cyanopolyyne Chemistry around Massive Young Stellar Objects
• Establishing the evolutionary timescales of the massive star formation process through chemistry
• X-ray induced chemistry of water and related molecules in low-mass protostellar envelopes
• Sulfur-Bearing Species Tracing the Disk/Envelope System in the Class I Protostellar Source Elias 29
• The Greenhouse Effect in Buried Galactic Nuclei and the Resonant HCN Vibrational Emission
• A statistical study of giant molecular clouds traced by ${}^{13}$CO, C${}^{18}$O, CS, and CH${}_3$OH in the disk of NGC 1068 based on ALMA observations
• An Expanded Gas-Grain Model for Interstellar Glycine
• Resolving desorption of complex organic molecules in a hot core: Transition from non-thermal to thermal desorption or two-step thermal desorption?
• Phosphorous chemistry in the shocked region L1157 B1
• Chemical modeling of Infrared Dark Clouds: the Role of Surface Chemistry
• Evaporation of grain-surface species by shock waves in proto-planetary disk
• VLT/ISAAC infrared spectroscopy of embedded high-mass YSOs in the Large Magellanic Cloud: Methanol and the 3.47 micron band
• Chemistry and physics of a low-metallicity hot core in the Large Magellanic Cloud
• Warm Cores around Regions of Low-Mass Star Formation
• 6.7GHz Methanol Maser Associated Outflows: An evolutionary sequence
• Optically Thick [O I] and [C II] Emission Towards NGC 6334 A
• The JCMT Spectral Legacy Survey
• Rotational Desorption of Ice Mantles and Complex Molecules from Suprathermally Rotating Dust Grains around Young Stellar Objects
• Variability in the stellar initial mass function at high mass: coalescence models for starburst clusters
• The evolution of temperature and density structures of OB cluster-forming molecular clumps
• Multiple low-turbulence starless cores associated with intermediate- to high-mass star formation
• A molecular line study towards massive extended green object clumps in the southern sky: chemical properties
• Different Evolutionary Stages in the Massive Star Forming Region W3 Main Complex
• Physical and chemical complexity in high-mass star-forming regions with ALMA. I. Overview and evolutionary trends of physical properties
• Astrochemical confirmation of the rapid evolution of massive YSOs and explanation for the inferred ages of hot cores
• The Detection of Hot Molecular Cores in the Small Magellanic Cloud
• Molecular line and continuum study of the W40 cloud
• Identification of the simplest sugar-like molecule glycolaldehyde towards the hot molecular core G358.93-0.03 MM1
• Kinematic and Thermal Structure at the onset of high-mass star formation
• Ion and neutral molecules in the W43-MM1(G30.79 FIR 10) infalling clump
• Carbon Chain Chemistry in Hot-Core Regions around Three Massive Young Stellar Objects Associated with 6.7 GHz Methanol Masers
• High Resolution Observations of the Massive Protostar in IRAS18566+0408
• CS Lines Profiles in Hot Cores
• ATOMS: ALMA Three-millimeter Observations of Massive Star-forming regions -- VII. A catalogue of SiO clumps from ACA observations
• G331.512-0.103: An Interstellar Laboratory for Molecular Synthesis I. The Ortho-to-para Ratios for CH${}_3$OH and CH${}_3$CN
• Detection of possible glycine precursor molecule methylamine towards the hot molecular core G358.93$-$0.03 MM1
• Carbon Isotope Fractionation of Complex Organic Molecules in Star-Forming Cores
• Digging into the Interior of Hot Cores with ALMA (DIHCA). V. Deuterium Fractionation of Methanol
• Ultracompact HII regions with extended emission: The case of G43.89-0.78 and its molecular environment
• The first interferometric measurements of NH${}_2$D/NH${}_3$ ratio in hot corinos
• Hot Molecular Core Candidates in the Galactic Center 50 km/s Molecular Cloud
• FUGIN hot core survey. I. Survey method and initial results for $l=10^{\circ }-20^{\circ }$
• First detection of ethylene oxide and acetaldehyde in hot core G358.93$-$0.03 MM1: Tracing prebiotic oxygen chemistry
• MAGellanic Outflow and chemistry Survey (MAGOS): Hot cores in the LMC
• One-dimensional and time-dependent modelling of complex organic molecules in protostars
• Notes on the formaldehyde masers
• Molecular Formation in Low-Metallicity Hot Cores
• Survival of Molecular Complexity under Recent Supernova Feedback: Detection of Hot Cores in RX J1713.7-3946