Variability and dust filtration in the transition disk J160421.7-213028 observed in optical scattered light

Abstract

Context. Some of transition disks show asymmetric structures in thermal sub-millimetre emission and optical scattered light. These structures can be the result of planet(s) or companions embedded in the disk. Aims. We aim to detect and analyse the scattered light of the transition disk J160421.7-213028, identify disk structures, and compare the results with previous observations of this disk at other wavelengths. Methods. We obtained and analysed new polarised intensity observations of the transition disk J160421.7-213028 with VLT/SPHERE using the visible light instrument ZIMPOL at $R^{\prime }$ band (0.626$\mu$m). We probe the disk gap down to a radius of confidence of 0.1'' ($\sim 15$ AU at 145 pc). We interpret the results in the context of dust evolution when planets interact with the parental disk. Results. We observe a gap from 0.1 to 0.3'' ($\sim 15$ to 40AU) and a bright annulus as previously detected by HiCIAO $H$ band observations at $1.65\mu$m. The radial width of the annulus is around $40$AU, and its centre is at $\sim 61$AU from the central star. The peak of the reflected light at 0.626$\mu$m is located 20 AU inward of the cavity detected in the submillimetre. In addition, we detect a dip at a position angle of $\sim 46.2\pm 5.4^{\circ }$. A dip was also detected with HiCIAO, but located at $\sim 85^{\circ }$. If the dip observed with HiCIAO is the same, this suggests an average dip rotation of $\sim 12^{\circ }/$year, which is inconsistent with the local Keplerian angular velocity of $\sim$0.8${}^{\circ }$/yr at $\sim$61AU. Conclusions. The spatial discrepancy in the radial emission in J160421.7-213028 at different wavelengths is consistent with dust filtration at the outer edge of a gap carved by a massive planet. The dip rotation can be interpreted by fast variability of the inner disk and/or the presence of a warp or circumplanetary material of a planet at $\sim 9.6$ AU.

Accepted for publication in A&A Letters

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