The New Numerical Galaxy Catalog (${\nu }^2$GC): An Updated Semi-analytic Model of Galaxy and AGN with Large Cosmological N-body Simulation

Abstract

We present a new cosmological galaxy formation model, ${\nu }^2$GC, as an updated version of our previous model $\nu$GC. We adopt the so-called "semi-analytic" approach, in which the formation history of dark matter halos is computed by $N$-body simulations, while the baryon physics such as gas cooling, star formation and supernova feedback are simply modeled by phenomenological equations. Major updates of the model are as follows: (1) the merger trees of dark matter halos are constructed in state-of-the-art $N$-body simulations, (2) we introduce the formation and evolution process of supermassive black holes and the suppression of gas cooling due to active galactic nucleus (AGN) activity, (3) we include heating of the intergalactic gas by the cosmic UV background, and (4) we tune some free parameters related to the astrophysical processes using a Markov chain Monte Carlo method. Our $N$-body simulations of dark matter halos have unprecedented box size and mass resolution (the largest simulation contains 550 billion particles in a 1.12 Gpc/h box), enabling the study of much smaller and rarer objects. The model was tuned to fit the luminosity functions of local galaxies and mass function of neutral hydrogen. Local observations, such as the Tully-Fisher relation, size-magnitude relation of spiral galaxies and scaling relation between the bulge mass and black hole mass were well reproduced by the model. Moreover, the model also well reproduced the cosmic star formation history and the redshift evolution of rest-frame $K$-band luminosity functions. The numerical catalog of the simulated galaxies and AGNs is publicly available on the web.

25 pages, 21 figures, 2 tables, accepted to PASJ. The numerical catalog of galaxies and AGNs are available at http://cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr/cgi-bin/VizieR?-source=J/PASJ/68/25

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• The Galaxy--Halo Connection in High-Redshift Universe: Details and Evolution of Stellar-to-Halo Mass Ratios of Lyman Break Galaxies on CFHTLS Deep Fields
• Disentangling the physical parameters of gaseous nebulae and galaxies
• The importance of preventive feedback: inference from observations of the stellar masses and metallicities of Milky Way dwarf galaxies
• Balmer Break Galaxy Candidates at $z\sim 6$: a Potential View on the Star-Formation Activity at $z\gtrsim 14$
• Decaying dark matter in dwarf spheroidal galaxies: Prospects for X-ray and gamma-ray telescopes
• The dominant origin of diffuse Ly$\alpha$ halos around LAEs explored by SED fitting and clustering analysis
• Theoretical reevaluations of the black hole mass - bulge mass relation - I. Effect of the seed black hole mass
• Semi-analytic modelling of AGNs: auto-correlation function and halo occupation
• Testing anthropic reasoning for the cosmological constant with a realistic galaxy formation model
• The Ultramarine Simulation: properties of dark matter haloes before redshift 5.5
• New constraints on red-spiral galaxies from their kinematics in clusters of galaxies
• Direct geometrical measurement of the Hubble constant from galaxy parallax: predictions for the Vera C. Rubin Observatory and Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope
• Cosmic evolution of grain size distribution in galaxies using the ${\nu }^2$GC semi-analytic model
• The evolution of supermassive blackhole mass--bulge mass relation by a semi-analytic model, ${\nu }^2$GC
• Imprints of the super-Eddington accretion on the quasar clustering
• A young galaxy cluster in the old Universe
• Revisiting Soltan's argument based on a semi-analytical model for galaxy and black hole evolution
• Quantifying the effect of field variance on the H$\alpha$ luminosity function with the New Numerical Galaxy Catalogue (${\nu }^2$GC)
• The formation of blue cluster in local Universe