A highly stable atomic vector magnetometer based on free spin precession

Abstract

We present a magnetometer based on optically pumped Cs atoms that measures the magnitude and direction of a 1 $\mu$T magnetic field. Multiple circularly polarized laser beams were used to probe the free spin precession of the Cs atoms. The design was optimized for long-time stability and achieves a scalar resolution better than 300 fT for integration times ranging from 80 ms to 1000 s. The best scalar resolution of less than 80 fT was reached with integration times of 1.6 to 6 s. We were able to measure the magnetic field direction with a resolution better than 10 $\mu$rad for integration times from 10 s up to 2000 s.

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• All-Optical Vector Atomic Magnetometer
• Optical Magnetometer Array for Fetal Magnetocardiography
• Theory of double resonance magnetometers based on atomic alignment
• A large sample study of spin relaxation and magnetometric sensitivity of paraffin-coated Cs vapor cells
• A measurement of the neutron to 199Hg magnetic moment ratio
• Vectorial atomic magnetometer based on coherent transients of laser absorption in Rb vapor

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