Identification of excitons, trions and biexcitons in single-layer WS2

Abstract

Single-layer WS${}_2$ is a direct-gap semiconductor showing strong excitonic photoluminescence features in the visible spectral range. Here, we present temperature-dependent photoluminescence measurements on mechanically exfoliated single-layer WS${}_2$, revealing the existence of neutral and charged excitons at low temperatures as well as at room temperature. By applying a gate voltage, we can electrically control the ratio of excitons and trions and assert a residual n-type doping of our samples. At high excitation densities and low temperatures, an additional peak at energies below the trion dominates the photoluminescence, which we identify as biexciton emission.

6 pages, 5 figures

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• Probing Excitonic Dark States in Single-layer Tungsten Disulfide
• Exciton Binding Energy of Monolayer WS2
• Measurement of high exciton binding energy in the monolayer transition-metal dichalcogenides WS2 and WSe2

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