A giant ring-like structure at 0.78<z<0.86 displayed by GRBs

Abstract

According to the cosmological principle, Universal large-scale structure is homogeneous and isotropic. The observable Universe, however, shows complex structures even on very large scales. The recent discoveries of structures significantly exceeding the transition scale of 370 Mpc pose a challenge to the cosmological principle. We report here the discovery of the largest regular formation in the observable Universe; a ring with a diameter of 1720 Mpc, displayed by 9 gamma ray bursts (GRBs), exceeding by a factor of five the transition scale to the homogeneous and isotropic distribution. The ring has a major diameter of $43^o$ and a minor diameter of $30^o$ at a distance of 2770 Mpc in the 0.78<z<0.86 redshift range, with a probability of $2\times 10^{-6}$ of being the result of a random fluctuation in the GRB count rate. Evidence suggests that this feature is the projection of a shell onto the plane of the sky. Voids and string-like formations are common outcomes of large-scale structure. However, these structures have maximum sizes of 150 Mpc, which are an order of magnitude smaller than the observed GRB ring diameter. Evidence in support of the shell interpretation requires that temporal information of the transient GRBs be included in the analysis. This ring-shaped feature is large enough to contradict the cosmological principle. The physical mechanism responsible for causing it is unknown.

Accepted for publication in MNRAS, 13 pages, 8 figures and 4 tables

References in corpus (10)

• Cosmological Constraints from the SDSS Luminous Red Galaxies
• The Galaxy Population Hosting Gamma-Ray Bursts
• The Laniakea supercluster of galaxies
• The Millennium Galaxy Catalogue: the B-band attenuation of bulge and disc light and the implied cosmic dust and stellar mass densities
• Luminous superclusters: remnants from inflation
• Testing the Randomness in the Sky-Distribution of Gamma-Ray Bursts
• Fractal Dimensions of a Weakly Clustered Distribution and the Scale of Homogeneity
• Tracing high redshift cosmic web with quasar systems
• Genus statistics using the Delaunay tessellation field estimation method: (I) tests with the Millennium Simulation and the SDSS DR7
• The Clowes-Campusano Large Quasar Group Survey: I. GALEX selected sample of LBGs at z$\sim$1

Cited by in corpus (30)

• The CosmoVerse White Paper: Addressing observational tensions in cosmology with systematics and fundamental physics
• Is the Observable Universe Consistent with the Cosmological Principle?
• First-order Cosmological Perturbations Engendered by Point-like Masses
• A Giant Arc on the Sky
• A comprehensive statistical study on gamma-ray bursts
• Testing Isotropic Universe Using the Gamma-Ray Burst Data of Fermi / GBM
• The clustering of gamma-ray bursts in the Hercules-Corona Borealis Great Wall: the largest structure in the Universe?
• Testing the anisotropy in the angular distribution of $Fermi$/GBM gamma-ray bursts
• Some statistical remarks on the Giant GRB Ring
• Update on Testing the Isotropy of the Properties of Gamma-Ray Bursts
• How Zwicky already ruled out modified gravity theories without dark matter
• Scalar and vector perturbations in a universe with discrete and continuous matter sources
• An Oppositeness in the Cosmology: Distribution of the Gamma-Ray Bursts and the Cosmological Principle
• Does the GRB Duration Depend on Redshift?
• Duel of cosmological screening lengths
• Perfect fluids with $\omega =\mathrm{const}$ as sources of scalar cosmological perturbations
• Colour asymmetry between galaxies with clockwise and counterclockwise handedness
• Large-scale clustering amongst Fermi blazars; evidence for axis alignments?
• Re-Examining the Evidence of the Hercules-Corona-Borealis Great Wall
• Local alignments of parsec-scale AGN radiojets
• The Scale of Homogeneity in the $R_h=ct$ Universe
• Global alignments of parsec-scale AGN radio jets and their polarization planes
• Spatial Distribution of Gamma-Ray Burst Sources
• The Excess Density of Field Galaxies near z=0.56 around the Gamma-Ray Burst GRB021004 Position
• Dirac neutrino mass from a neutrino dark matter model for the galaxy cluster Abell 1689
• Scanning the Universe for Large-Scale Structures using Gamma-Ray Bursts
• THESEUS$-$BTA cosmological tests using Multimessenger Gamma-Ray Bursts observations
• Studying the variability of the X-ray spectral parameters of high-redshift GRBs' afterglows
• Evolution of Cluster Alignments as Evidence of Large-scale Structure Formation in the Universe
• Reanalysing large-scale structure using an updated gamma-ray burst spatial density approach