GARROTXA Cosmological Simulations of Milky Way-sized Galaxies: General Properties, Hot Gas Distribution, and Missing Baryons

Abstract

We introduce a new set of simulations of Milky Way-sized galaxies using the AMR code ART + hydrodynamics in a $\Lambda$CDM cosmogony. The simulation series is named GARROTXA and follow the formation of a halo/galaxy from z~$=$~60 to z~$=$~0. The final virial mass of the system is $\sim$7.4$\times$10${}^{11}$M${}_{\odot }$. Our results are as follows: (a) contrary to many previous studies, the circular velocity curve shows no central peak and overall agrees with recent MW observations. (b) Other quantities, such as M$\_\ast$(6$\times$10${}^{10}$M${}_{\odot }$) and R${}_d$ (2.56 kpc), fall well inside the observational MW range. (c) We measure the disk-to-total ratio kinematically and find that D/T=0.42. (d) The cold gas fraction and star formation rate (SFR) at z=0, on the other hand, fall short from the values estimated for the Milky Way. As a first scientific exploitation of the simulation series, we study the spatial distribution of the hot X-ray luminous gas. We have found that most of this X-ray emitting gas is in a halo-like distribution accounting for an important fraction but not all of the missing baryons. An important amount of hot gas is also present in filaments. In all our models there is not a massive disk-like hot gas distribution dominating the column density. Our analysis of hot gas mock observations reveals that the homogeneity assumption leads to an overestimation of the total mass by factors 3 to 5 or to an underestimation by factors $0.7-0.1$, depending on the used observational method. Finally, we confirm a clear correlation between the total hot gas mass and the dark matter halo mass of galactic systems.

Accepted for publication, ApJ, April 2016

References in corpus (32)

• Introducing the Illustris Project: Simulating the coevolution of dark and visible matter in the Universe
• Cold streams in early massive hot haloes as the main mode of galaxy formation
• Five-Year Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) Observations: Likelihoods and Parameters from the WMAP data
• Star Formation and Feedback in Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamic Simulations--I. Isolated Galaxies
• The Milky Way's Circular Velocity Curve to 60 kpc and an Estimate of the Dark Matter Halo Mass from Kinematics of ~2400 SDSS Blue Horizontal Branch Stars
• Forming Disk Galaxies in Lambda CDM Simulations
• The unexpected diversity of dwarf galaxy rotation curves
• On the mass-to-light ratio of the local Galactic disc and the optical luminosity of the Galaxy
• The Search for the Missing Baryons at Low Redshift
• The role of stellar feedback in the formation of galaxies
• The present-day star formation rate of the Milky-Way determined from Spitzer detected young stellar objects
• "Skinny Milky Way, Please", says Sagittarius
• On the galaxy stellar mass function, the mass-metallicity relation, and the implied baryonic mass function
• On the Shoulders of Giants: Properties of the Stellar Halo and the Milky Way Mass Distribution
• Do Hot Haloes Around Galaxies Contain the Missing Baryons?
• Warm-hot baryons comprise 5-10 per cent of filaments in the cosmic web
• Kinematics of the stellar halo and the mass distribution of the Milky Way using BHB stars
• Galactic masers and the Milky Way circular velocity
• X-ray coronae in simulations of disc galaxy formation
• Ram Pressure Stripping of the Large Magellanic Cloud's Disk as a Probe of the Milky Way's Circumgalactic Medium
• X-Ray Absorption from the Milky Way Halo and the Local Group
• The virialized mass of dark matter haloes
• Stellar density profile and mass of the Milky Way Bulge from VVV data
• Evidence for a Massive, Extended Circumgalactic Medium Around the Andromeda Galaxy
• On the galaxy spiral arms' nature as revealed by rotation frequencies
• Column Density Profiles of Multi-Phase Gaseous Halos
• Cosmological Galaxy Evolution with Superbubble Feedback I: Realistic Galaxies with Moderate Feedback
• Baryonic and dark matter distribution in cosmological simulations of spiral galaxies
• The incorrect rotation curve of the Milky Way
• The distribution of mass components in simulated disc galaxies
• Galactic structure studies from BATC survey
• The Milky Way and Andromeda galaxies in a constrained hydrodynamical simulation: morphological evolution

Cited by in corpus (22)

• A Precision Search for WIMPs with Charged Cosmic Rays
• Massive Warm/Hot Galaxy Coronae as Probed by UV/X-ray Oxygen Absorption and Emission: I - Basic Model
• Galactic Archaeology with asteroseismology and spectroscopy: Red giants observed by CoRoT and APOGEE
• The Galactic Halo Contribution to the Dispersion Measure of Extragalactic Fast Radio Bursts
• Optical Integral Field Spectroscopy observations applied to simulated galaxies: Testing the fossil record method
• The merger and assembly histories of Milky Way- and M31-like galaxies with TNG50: disk survival through mergers
• Circumgalactic Oxygen Absorption and Feedback
• The ALPINE-ALMA [CII] survey: Dust mass budget in the early Universe
• The effects of AGN feedback on the structural and dynamical properties of Milky Way-mass galaxies in cosmological simulations
• Probing the Anisotropy of the Milky Way Gaseous Halo-II: sightline toward Mrk509
• CGM properties in VELA and NIHAO simulations; the OVI ionization mechanism: dependence on redshift, halo mass and radius
• Cosmological simulations of Milky Way-sized galaxies
• The global and radial stellar mass assembly of Milky Way-sized galaxies
• Prospects for indirect MeV Dark Matter detection with Gamma Rays in light of Cosmic Microwave Background Constraints
• Analysis of the Very Inner Milky Way Dark Matter Distribution and Gamma-Ray Signals
• Phase spirals in cosmological simulations of Milky Way-size galaxies
• Multi-TeV dark matter density in the inner Milky Way halo: spectral and dynamical constraints
• Disk flaring with TNG50: diversity across Milky Way and M31 analogs
• Detection of a Super-Virial Hot Component in the Milky Way Circumgalactic Medium Along Multiple Sight-Lines by Using the Stacking Technique
• Outer Regions of the Milky Way
• The large-scale distribution of ionized metals in IllustrisTNG
• Empirical formulae to describe some physical properties of small groups of protogalaxies with multiplicity