Phase spirals in cosmological simulations of Milky Way-size galaxies

Abstract

We study the vertical perturbations in the galactic disc of the Milky Way-size high-resolution hydrodynamical cosmological simulation named GARROTXA. We detect phase spirals in the vertical projection $Z-V_Z$ of disc's stellar particles for the first time in this type of simulations. Qualitatively similar structures were detected in the recent Gaia data, and their origin is still under study. In our model the spiral-like structures in the phase space are present in a wide range of times and locations across the disc. By accounting for an evolving mix of stellar populations, we observe that, as seen in the data, the phase spirals are better observed in the range of younger-intermediate star particles. We measure the intensity of the spiral with a Fourier decomposition and find that these structures appear stronger near satellite pericenters. Current dynamical models of the phase spiral considering a single perturber required a mass at least of the order of 10${}^{10}$ M${}_{\odot }$, but all three of our satellites have masses of the order of $\sim$10${}^8$ M${}_{\odot }$. We suggest that there are other mechanisms at play which appear naturally in our model such as the physics of gas, collective effect of multiple perturbers, and a dynamically cold population that is continuously renovated by the star formation Complementing collisionless isolated N-body models with the use of fully-cosmological simulations with enough resolution can provide new insights into the nature/origin of the phase spiral.

Updated several figures with reference system

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Cited by in corpus (10)

• Multiple phase spirals suggest multiple origins in Gaia DR3
• The phase spiral in Gaia DR3
• Vertical motion in the Galactic disc: unwinding the Snail
• Tidally induced spiral arm wraps encoded in phase space
• An ever-present $Gaia$ snail shell triggered by a dark matter wake
• Galactic seismology: joint evolution of impact-triggered stellar and gaseous disc corrugations
• Investigating the amplitude and rotation of the phase spiral in the Milky Way outer disc
• Ripples spreading across the Galactic disc. Interplay of direct and indirect effects of the Sagittarius dwarf impact
• Two-point correlation function studies for the Milky Way: discovery of spatial clustering from disk excitations and substructure
• Delayed phase mixing in the self-gravitating Galactic disc