A proto-cluster at z=2.45

Abstract

We present the spectroscopic confirmation of a $z=2.45$ proto-cluster. Its member galaxies lie within a radius of 1.4Mpc (physical) on the sky and within $\Delta v\pm 700$km/s along the line of sight. We estimate an overdensity of 10, suggesting that the structure has made the turn-around but is not assembled yet. Comparison to the Millennium simulation suggests that analogous structures evolve into $10^{14}-10^{15}$M${}_{\odot }$/h type dark matter haloes by $z=0$ qualifying the notion of "proto-cluster". The search for the complete census of mock progenitor galaxies at $z\sim 2.5$ of these massive $z=0$ mock clusters reveals that they are widely spread over areas with a diameter of 3-20Mpc. This suggests that the optical selection of such proto-clusters can result in a rich diversity regarding their $z=0$ descendants. We also searched for signs of environmental differentiation in this proto-cluster. Whilst we see a weak trend for more massive and more quiescent galaxies in the proto-cluster, this is not statistically significant.

arXiv commentsubmitted to ApJ

References in corpus (44)

• Simulating the joint evolution of quasars, galaxies and their large-scale distribution
• Mass and environment as drivers of galaxy evolution in SDSS and zCOSMOS and the origin of the Schechter function
• Galaxy Harassment and the Evolution of Clusters of Galaxies
• COSMOS Photometric Redshifts with 30-bands for 2-deg2
• From dwarf spheroidals to cDs: Simulating the galaxy population in a LCDM cosmology
• Mass assembly in quiescent and star-forming galaxies since z=4 from UltraVISTA
• zCOSMOS: A Large VLT/VIMOS redshift survey covering 0 < z < 3 in the COSMOS field
• UltraVISTA: a new ultra-deep near-infrared survey in COSMOS
• The First Release COSMOS Optical and Near-IR Data and Catalog
• Galaxy Structure and Mode of Star Formation in the SFR-Mass Plane from z ~ 2.5 to z ~ 0.1
• Ram Pressure Stripping of Spiral Galaxies in Clusters
• A new photometric technique for the joint selection of star-forming and passive galaxies at 1.4<z<2.5
• Galaxy evolution in groups and clusters: satellite star formation histories and quenching timescales in a hierarchical Universe
• A Survey of Star-Forming Galaxies in the z=1.4-2.5 `Redshift Desert': Overview
• Galaxy ecology: groups and low-density environments in the SDSS and 2dFGRS
• The Importance of Satellite Quenching for the Build-Up of the Red Sequence of Present Day Galaxies
• Mass and Environment as Drivers of Galaxy Evolution II: The quenching of satellite galaxies as the origin of environmental effects
• Strangulation in Galaxy Groups
• A Spitzer-Selected Galaxy Cluster at z=1.62
• The high redshift galaxy population in hierarchical galaxy formation models
• On the Lack of Evolution in Galaxy Star Formation Efficiency
• Reversal of Fortune: Confirmation of an Increasing Star Formation-Density Relation in a Cluster at z=1.62
• The VLA-COSMOS Survey. IV. Deep Data and Joint Catalog
• Environmental Effects on Satellite Galaxies: The Link Between Concentration, Size and Colour Profile
• A mature cluster with X-ray emission at z=2.07
• Spectroscopic Identification of a Proto-Cluster at z=2.300: Environmental Dependence of Galaxy Properties at High Redshift
• The First Appearance of the Red Sequence of Galaxies in Proto-Clusters at 2<~z<~3
• The Spiderweb galaxy: a forming massive cluster galaxy at z~2
• The DEEP2 galaxy redshift survey: the evolution of the blue fraction in groups and the field
• Confronting theoretical models with the observed evolution of the galaxy population out to z=4
• The XMM Cluster Survey: Active Galactic Nuclei and Starburst Galaxies in XMMXCS J2215.9-1738 at z=1.46
• Stellar Ages and Metallicities of Central and Satellite Galaxies: Implications for Galaxy Formation and Evolution
• The spectroscopically confirmed X-ray cluster at z=1.62 with a possible companion in the Subaru/XMM-Newton deep field
• Discovery of a rich proto-cluster at z=2.9 and associated diffuse cold gas in the VIMOS Ultra-Deep Survey (VUDS)
• zCOSMOS 20k: Satellite galaxies are the main drivers of environmental effects in the galaxy population at least to z~0.7
• VIMOS Ultra-Deep Survey (VUDS): Witnessing the Assembly of a Massive Cluster at z~3.3
• Identification of the progenitors of rich clusters and member galaxies in rapid formation at z>2
• A z=2.5 protocluster associated with the radio galaxy MRC 2104-242: star formation and differing mass functions in dense environments
• Galaxy protocluster candidates around z ~ 2.4 radio galaxies
• Proto-groups at 1.8<z<3 in the zCOSMOS-deep sample
• The Colors of Central and Satellite Galaxies in zCOSMOS out to z ~ 0.8 and Implications for Quenching
• The environmental impacts on the star formation main sequence: an H-alpha study of the newly discovered rich cluster at z=1.52
• A simple model linking galaxy and dark matter evolution
• Cluster candidates around low power radio-galaxies at z~1-2 in COSMOS

Cited by in corpus (52)

• The realm of the galaxy protoclusters
• Discovery of a galaxy cluster with a violently starbursting core at z=2.506
• A massive, distant proto-cluster at z=2.47 caught in a phase of rapid formation?
• The Ubiquity of Coeval Starbursts in Massive Galaxy Cluster Progenitors
• The progeny of a Cosmic Titan: a massive multi-component proto-supercluster in formation at z=2.45 in VUDS
• First Data Release of the COSMOS Lyman-Alpha Mapping And Tomography Observations: 3D Lyman-$\alpha$ Forest Tomography at 2.05 < z < 2.55
• SILVERRUSH. VIII. Spectroscopic Identifications of Early Large Scale Structures with Protoclusters Over 200 Mpc at z~6-7: Strong Associations of Dusty Star-Forming Galaxies
• The VIMOS Ultra Deep Survey: Emerging from the Dark, a Massive Proto-Cluster at z~4.57
• A High-Resolution Hubble Space Telescope Study of Apparent Lyman Continuum Leakers at $z\sim 3$
• Spectroscopic Confirmation of a Protocluster at $z=3.37$ with a High Fraction of Quiescent Galaxies
• Surveying Galaxy Proto-clusters in Emission: A Large-scale Structure at z=2.44 and the Outlook for HETDEX
• Shadow of a Colossus: A z=2.45 Galaxy Protocluster Detected in 3D Ly-a Forest Tomographic Mapping of the COSMOS Field
• Mapping Obscuration to Reionization with ALMA (MORA): 2mm Efficiently Selects the Highest-Redshift Obscured Galaxies
• The VIMOS Ultra Deep Survey: The reversal of the star-formation rate $-$ density relation at $2<z<5$
• Confirming Herschel candidate protoclusters from ALMA/VLA CO observations
• Characterising and Identifying Galaxy Protoclusters
• Emergence of an Ultra-Red Ultra-Massive Galaxy Cluster Core at $z=4$
• Spectroscopic Confirmation of a Protocluster at z=3.786
• On the Gas Content, Star Formation Efficiency, and Environmental Quenching of Massive Galaxies in Proto-Clusters at z~2.0-2.5
• Protocluster Discovery in Tomographic Ly$\alpha$ Forest Flux Maps
• Spectroscopic observations of PHz G237.01+42.50: A galaxy protocluster at z=2.16 in the Cosmos field
• Comprehensive Gas Characterization of a $z=2.5$ Protocluster: A Cluster Core Caught in the Beginning of Virialization?
• Spectroscopic Confirmation of a Coma Cluster Progenitor at z ~ 2.2
• Semi-Analytic Model Predictions of the Galaxy Population in Proto-clusters
• Second Data Release of the COSMOS Lyman-alpha Mapping and Tomographic Observation: The First 3D Maps of the Detailed Cosmic Web at 2.05<z<2.55
• A new method to assign galaxy cluster membership using photometric redshifts
• (Sub)millimetre interferometric imaging of a sample of COSMOS/AzTEC submillimetre galaxies III. Environments
• H-ATLAS: A Candidate High Redshift Cluster/Protocluster of Star-Forming Galaxies
• Environmental Dependence of Galactic Properties Traced by Ly$\alpha$ Forest Absorption: Diversity among Galaxy Populations
• Predicted future fate of COSMOS galaxy protoclusters over 11 Gyr with constrained simulations
• Radio selection of the most distant galaxy clusters
• BIRTH of the COSMOS Field: Primordial and Evolved Density Reconstructions During Cosmic High Noon
• Evaluating Lya Emission as a Tracer of the Largest Cosmic Structure at z~2.47
• A census of galaxy constituents in a Coma Progenitor observed at z>3
• A population of ultraviolet-dim protoclusters detected in absorption
• Discovery of Protoclusters at z~3.7 & 4.9: Embedded in Primordial Superclusters
• A Systematic Search for Galaxy Proto-Cluster Cores at $z\sim 2$
• The stellar mass function of quiescent galaxies in 2 < z < 2.5 protoclusters
• Groups and protocluster candidates in the CLAUDS and HSC-SSP joint deep surveys
• Measuring alignments between galaxies and the cosmic web at $z\sim 2-3$ using IGM tomography
• Discovering Large-Scale Structure at $2<z<5$ in the C3VO Survey
• Deep observations of the Super-CLASS super-cluster at 325 MHz with the GMRT: the low-frequency source catalogue
• The COSMOS-Web deep galaxy group catalog up to $z=3.7$
• A Search for Massive Galaxy Population in a Protocluster of LAEs at $z=2.39$ near the Radio Galaxy 53W002
• Stellar Mass and 3.4 $\mu$m M/L Ratio Evolution of Brightest Cluster Galaxies in COSMOS since z ~ 1.0
• Spitzer's View of the Candidate Cluster and Protocluster Catalog (CCPC)
• Gas properties as a function of environment in the proto-supercluster Hyperion at z ~ 2.45
• pop-cosmos: Insights from generative modeling of a deep, infrared-selected galaxy population
• The HST-Hyperion Survey: Companion Fraction and Overdensity in a z ~ 2.5 Proto-supercluster
• Spectroscopic confirmation of the galaxy clusters CARLA J0950+2743 at z=2.363, and CARLA-Ser J0950+2743 at z=2.243
• Star formation quenching precedes morphological transformation in COSMOS-WEB's richest galaxy groups
• The Photometric Analysis of the Environment Around Two Dusty Star-Forming Galaxies at $z\sim 2$