Measurement and Control of Quasiparticle Dynamics in a Superconducting Qubit

Abstract

Superconducting circuits have attracted growing interest in recent years as a promising candidate for fault-tolerant quantum information processing. Extensive efforts have always been taken to completely shield these circuits from external magnetic field to protect the integrity of superconductivity. Surprisingly, here we show vortices can improve the performance of superconducting qubits by reducing the lifetimes of detrimental single-electron-like excitations known as quasiparticles. Using a contactless injection technique with unprecedented dynamic range, we quantitatively distinguish between recombination and trapping mechanisms in controlling the dynamics of residual quasiparticles, and show quantized changes in quasiparticle trapping rate due to individual vortices. These results highlight the prominent role of quasiparticle trapping in future development of superconducting qubits, and provide a powerful characterization tool along the way.

8 pages with 4 figures for the main text, 13 pages with 11 figures for supplementary material

References in corpus (11)

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• Number fluctuations of sparse quasiparticles in a superconductor
• Microwave response of vortices in superconducting thin films of Re and Al
• Photon Shot Noise Dephasing in the Strong-Dispersive Limit of Circuit QED
• Non-Poissonian Quantum Jumps of a Fluxonium Qubit due to Quasiparticle Excitations
• Trapping a single vortex and reducing quasiparticles in a superconducting resonator
• Quasiparticle relaxation in optically excited high-Q superconducting resonators
• Energy decay and frequency shift of a superconducting qubit from non-equilibrium quasiparticles
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Cited by in corpus (87)

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• Josephson-junction infrared single-photon detector
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• Phonon downconversion to suppress correlated errors in superconducting qubits
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• Single Flux Quantum-Based Digital Control of Superconducting Qubits in a Multi-Chip Module
• Perspective: Challenges and Transformative Opportunities in Superconductor Vortex Physics
• Dielectric surface loss in superconducting resonators with flux-trapping holes
• Coexistence of nonequilibrium density and equilibrium energy distribution of quasiparticles in a superconducting qubit
• Phonon-trapping enhanced energy resolution in superconducting single photon detectors
• Resisting high-energy impact events through gap engineering in superconducting qubit arrays
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• Distinguishing parity-switching mechanisms in a superconducting qubit
• Phonon engineering of atomic-scale defects in superconducting quantum circuits
• Using materials for quasiparticle engineering
• Effects of Laser-Annealing on Fixed-Frequency Superconducting Qubits
• Magnetic-field resilience of 3D transmons with thin-film Al/AlO${}_x$/Al Josephson junctions approaching 1 T
• Dynamical polarization of the fermion parity in a nanowire Josephson junction
• Mitigation of quasiparticle loss in superconducting qubits by phonon scattering
• Optimal configurations for normal-metal traps in transmon qubits
• Modeling phonon-mediated quasiparticle poisoning in superconducting qubit arrays
• Direct Transport between Superconducting Subgap States in a Double Quantum Dot
• Nonequilibrium heat transport and work with a single artificial atom coupled to a waveguide: emission without external driving
• Cosmic-ray-induced correlated errors in superconducting qubit array
• Dynamical parity selection in superconducting weak links
• Quasiparticle relaxation in superconducting nanostructures
• Effects of surface treatments on flux tunable transmon qubits
• Quasiparticle dynamics in epitaxial Al-InAs planar Josephson junctions
• DEC-QED: A flux-based 3D electrodynamic modeling approach to superconducting circuits and materials
• Quasiparticle dynamics in a superconducting qubit irradiated by a localized infrared source
• Quasiparticle trapping at vortices producing Josephson supercurrent enhancement
• Magnetic penetration depth of Aluminum thin films
• A Review of Design Concerns in Superconducting Quantum Circuits
• Baseband control of superconducting qubits with shared microwave drives
• Structurally stable subharmonic regime of a driven quantum Josephson circuit
• Dephasing due to quasiparticle tunneling in fluxonium qubits: a phenomenological approach
• High-performance electronic cooling with superconducting tunnel junctions
• Quasiparticle effects in magnetic-field-resilient 3D transmons
• Operating a passive on-chip superconducting circulator: device control and quasiparticle effects
• Nonequilibrium quasiparticle distribution in superconducting resonators: effect of pair-breaking photons
• Applications of Superconductor-Normal Metal Interfaces
• Dissipative protection of a GKP qubit in a high-impedance superconducting circuit driven by a microwave frequency comb
• Parity switching in a full-shell superconductor-semiconductor nanowire qubit
• Estimating the Energy Threshold of Phonon-mediated Superconducting Qubit Detectors Operated in an Energy-Relaxation Sensing Scheme
• Dephasing in Fluxonium Qubits from Coherent Quantum Phase Slips
• Dissipation in a superconducting artificial atom due to a single non-equilibrium quasiparticle
• Photon-number resolution with microwave Josephson photomultipliers
• Saving superconducting quantum processors from qubit decay and correlated errors generated by gamma and cosmic rays
• Continuous Real-Time Detection of Quasiparticle Trapping in Aluminum Nanobridge Josephson Junctions
• Spurious Antenna Modes of the Transmon Qubit
• Material matters in superconducting qubits
• Impurity-induced subgap states in superconductors with inhomogeneous pairing
• Optical Direct Write of Dolan--Niemeyer-Bridge Junctions for Transmon Qubits
• Spontaneous generation of athermal phonon bursts within bulk silicon causing excess noise, low energy background events and quasiparticle poisoning in superconducting sensors
• A thermal-noise-resilient microwave quantum network traversing 4 K
• Finite-size effect of critical penetration of Pearl vortices in narrow superconducting flat rings
• Quasiparticle Dynamics in Superconducting Quantum-Classical Hybrid Circuits
• Recovery of a SINIS turnstile accuracy in a strongly non-equilibrium regime
• Recovery dynamics of a gap-engineered transmon after a quasiparticle burst
• Nonequilibrium regimes for quasiparticles in superconducting qubits with gap-asymmetric junctions
• Direct visualization of quasiparticle concentration around superconducting vortices
• Nonlinear mechanisms in Al and Ti superconducting travelling-wave parametric amplifiers
• Theory of quasiparticle-induced errors in driven-dissipative Schrödinger cat qubits
• Exact mobility edges in quasiperiodic network models with slowly varying potentials
• Nonlinear response theory for lossy superconducting quantum circuits
• Electronic structure of mesoscopic superconducting disk: Quasiparticle tunneling between the giant vortex core and disk edge
• Nanoscale observation and control of quasiparticle induced magnetic noise in a superconducting resonator
• A practical guide for building superconducting quantum devices
• A superconductor free of quasiparticles for seconds
• Study of quasi-particle dynamics using the optical pulse response of asuperconducting resonator
• Charge Parity Rates in Transmon Qubits with Different Shunting Capacitors
• Theory of quasiparticle generation by microwave drives in superconducting qubits
• Excess quasiparticles and their dynamics in the presence of subgap states
• Systematic Schrieffer-Wolff-transformation approach to Josephson junctions: quasiparticle effects and Josephson harmonics
• Investigation of reflection-based measurements of microwave kinetic inductance detectors in the optical bands
• Hydrogen crystals reduce dissipation in superconducting resonators
• Quantifying Trapped Magnetic Vortex Losses in Niobium Resonators at mK Temperatures
• Electron-phonon heat transfer in giant vortex states
• Generation of frequency-bin-encoded dual-rail cluster states via time-frequency multiplexing of microwave photonic qubits
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• Low-loss Material for Infrared Protection of Cryogenic Quantum Applications
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