paper

Gamma-Ray Burst Prompt Emission

arXiv:1402.7022 · doi:10.1142/S021827181430002X

Abstract

The origin of gamma-ray burst (GRB) prompt emission, bursts of gamma-rays lasting from shorter than one second to thousands of seconds, remains not fully understood after more than 40 years of observations. The uncertainties lie in several open questions in the GRB physics, including jet composition, energy dissipation mechanism, particle acceleration mechanism, and radiation mechanism. Recent broad-band observations of prompt emission with Fermi sharpen the debates in these areas, which stimulated intense theoretical investigations invoking very different ideas. I will review these debates, and argue that the current data suggest the following picture: A quasi-thermal spectral component originating from the photosphere of the relativistic ejecta has been detected in some GRBs. Even though in some cases (e.g. GRB 090902B) this component dominates the spectrum, in most GRBs, this component either forms a sub-dominant "shoulder" spectral component in the low energy spectral regime of the more dominant "Band" component, or is not detectable at all. The main "Band" spectral component likely originates from the optically thin region due to synchrotron radiation. The diverse magnetization in the GRB central engine is likely the origin of the observed diverse prompt emission properties among bursts.

This invited review article is based on invited talks delivered by the author at several conferences, including the 13th Marcel Grossmann Meeting (Stockholm, July 1-7, 2012), "Gamma 2012" (Heidelberg, July 9-13, 2012), the 7th Huntsville GRB Symposium (Nashville, April 14-18, 2013), and SNe and GRBs 2013 (Kyoto, Nov. 11-14, 2013). Published in International Journal of Modern Physics D

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