Fractional spinon excitations in the quantum Heisenberg antiferromagnetic chain

Abstract

Assemblies of interacting quantum particles often surprise us with properties that are difficult to predict. One of the simplest quantum many-body systems is the spin 1/2 Heisenberg antiferromagnetic chain, a linear array of interacting magnetic moments. Its exact ground state is a macroscopic singlet entangling all spins in the chain. Its elementary excitations, called spinons, are fractional spin 1/2 quasiparticles; they are created and detected in pairs by neutron scattering. Theoretical predictions show that two-spinon states exhaust only 71% of the spectral weight while higher-order spinon states, yet to be experimentally located, are predicted to participate in the remaining. Here, by accurate absolute normalization of our inelastic neutron scattering data on a compound realizing the model, we account for the full spectral weight to within 99(8)%. Our data thus establish and quantify the existence of higher-order spinon states. The observation that within error bars, the entire weight is confined within the boundaries of the two-spinon continuum, and that the lineshape resembles a rescaled two-spinon one, allow us to develop a simple physical picture for understanding multi-spinon excitations.

22 pages, 4 figures, Supplementary materials

References in corpus (8)

• Topological Mott Insulators
• Dirac Strings and Magnetic Monopoles in Spin Ice Dy2Ti2O7
• Quantum spin-liquid emerging in two-dimensional correlated Dirac fermions
• From high temperature supercondutivity to quantum spin liquid: progress in strong correlation physics
• Observation of Magnetic Monopoles in Spin Ice
• Direct Observation of Magnon Fractionalization in the Quantum Spin Ladder
• Non-Abelian Statistics in a Quantum Antiferromagnet
• Fermionic spin excitations in two and three-dimensional antiferromagnets

Cited by in corpus (216)

• Antiferromagnetic spintronics
• A Field Guide to Spin Liquids
• Physics of the Kitaev model: fractionalization, dynamical correlations, and material connections
• Continuous excitations of the triangular-lattice quantum spin liquid YbMgGaO4
• Measuring multipartite entanglement via dynamic susceptibilities
• Dynamics of a two-dimensional quantum spin liquid: signatures of emergent Majorana fermions and fluxes
• Fractional excitations in the square-lattice quantum antiferromagnet
• The Quench Action
• Colloquium: Atomic spin chains on surfaces
• Multispinon continua at zero and finite temperature in a near-ideal Heisenberg chain
• Physical realization of a quantum spin liquid based on a novel frustration mechanism
• Probing the Excitations of a Lieb-Liniger Gas from Weak to Strong Coupling
• Dynamics of Fractionalization in Quantum Spin Liquids
• Dynamical structure factor of one-dimensional Bose gases: experimental signatures of beyond-Luttinger liquid physics
• Non-equilibrium spin transport in integrable spin chains: persistent currents and emergence of magnetic domains
• Absence of magnetic thermal conductivity in the quantum spin liquid candidate YbMgGaO4
• Spin wave imaging in atomically designed nanomagnets
• Experimental Observation of Bethe Strings
• Rethinking $\alpha$-RuCl${}_3$
• Finite temperature correlations in the Lieb-Liniger 1D Bose gas
• Anomalous spin diffusion in one-dimensional antiferromagnets
• Non-perturbative methodologies for low-dimensional strongly-correlated systems: From non-abelian bosonization to truncated spectrum methods
• Quantum spin transistor with a Heisenberg spin chain
• Projective symmetry group classification of chiral spin liquids
• Evidence for a three-dimensional quantum spin liquid in PbCuTe${}_2$O${}_6$
• Witnessing entanglement in quantum magnets using neutron scattering
• Superdiffusion from emergent classical solitons in quantum spin chains
• Orbital-Exchange and Fractional Quantum Number Excitations in an f-electron Metal Yb${}_2$Pt${}_2$Pb
• Dynamical structure factor of the three-dimensional quantum spin liquid candidate NaCaNi${}_2$F${}_7$
• Quantifying and controlling entanglement in the quantum magnet Cs${}_2$CoCl${}_4$
• Direct observation of multi-spinon excitations outside of the two-spinon continuum in the antiferromagnetic spin chain cuprate Sr2CuO3
• Hierarchy of exchange interactions in the triangular-lattice spin-liquid YbMgGaO${}_4$
• Fractionalized excitations in the partially magnetized spin liquid candidate YbMgGaO4
• Pumping approximately integrable systems
• Dynamics of Topological Excitations in a Model Quantum Spin Ice
• Quantum spin liquid at finite temperature: proximate dynamics and persistent typicality
• Experimental realisation of multipartite entanglement via quantum Fisher information in a uniform antiferromagnetic quantum spin chain
• Theory of Raman response in three-dimensional Kitaev spin liquids: application to $\beta -$ and $\gamma -$Li${}_2$IrO${}_3$ compounds
• Ba8CoNb6O24: a spin-1/2 triangular-lattice Heisenberg antiferromagnet in the 2D limit
• Magnetic structure and Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction in the $S=1/2$ helical-honeycomb antiferromagnet $\alpha$-Cu${}_2$V${}_2$O${}_7$
• One-dimensional liquid ${}^4$He: dynamical properties beyond Luttinger liquid theory
• Magnetic field induced quantum spin liquid in the two coupled trillium lattices of K${}_2$Ni${}_2$(SO${}_4$)${}_3$
• Magnetic ground state of the Ising-like antiferromagnet DyScO${}_3$
• Quantum Critical Dynamics of a Heisenberg-Ising Chain in a Longitudinal Field: Many-Body Strings versus Fractional Excitations
• Decoupled spin dynamics in the rare-earth orthoferrite YbFeO${}_3$: Evolution of magnetic excitations through the spin-reorientation transition
• Characterization of quantum spin liquids and their spinon band structures via functional renormalization
• Magnons and Excitation Continuum in XXZ triangular antiferromagnetic model: Application to $B{a}_{3}CoS{b}_2{O}_9$
• From confined spinons to emergent fermions: Observation of elementary magnetic excitations in a transverse-field Ising chain
• Density form factors of the 1D Bose gas for finite entropy states
• Local Magnetism and Spin Dynamics of the Frustrated Honeycomb Rhodate Li2RhO3
• Witnessing Entanglement and Quantum Correlations in Condensed Matter: A Review
• Spin diffusion and torques in disordered antiferromagnets
• Exact real-time longitudinal correlation functions of the massive XXZ chain
• Fabrication of Spin-1/2 Heisenberg Antiferromagnetic Chains via Combined On-surface Synthesis and Reduction for Spinon Detection
• Computing Resonant Inelastic X-Ray Scattering Spectra Using The Density Matrix Renormalization Group Method
• Low-dimensional quantum magnetism in Cu(NCS)${}_2$: A molecular framework material
• One-dimensional quantum antiferromagnetism in the $p-$orbital CsO${}_2$ compound revealed by electron paramagnetic resonance
• Quadrupolar magnetic excitations in an isotropic spin-1 antiferromagnet
• Kitaev Quantum Spin Liquids
• Antiferromagnetic ordering and dipolar interactions of YbAlO${}_3$
• CONAN -- the cruncher of local exchange coefficients for strongly interacting confined systems in one dimension
• One-dimensional Quantum Spin Dynamics of Bethe String States
• Subdiffusive hydrodynamics of nearly-integrable anisotropic spin chains
• Observation of plaquette fluctuations in the spin-1/2 honeycomb lattice
• Quantum spin liquid and cluster Mott insulator phases in the Mo${}_3$O${}_8$ magnets
• Neutron scattering signatures of the 3D hyper-honeycomb Kitaev quantum spin-liquid
• Coexistence and interaction of spinons and magnons in an antiferromagnet with alternating antiferromagnetic and ferromagnetic quantum spin chains
• Real-time scattering of interacting quasiparticles in quantum spin chains
• Manifolds of magnetic ordered states and excitations in the almost Heisenberg pyrochlore antiferromagnet MgCr2O4
• Fractionalization, entanglement, and separation: understanding the collective excitations in a spin-orbital chain
• Magnetization and energy dynamics in spin ladders: Evidence of diffusion in time, frequency, position, and momentum
• Multi-spinon and holon excitations probed by resonant inelastic x-ray scattering on doped one-dimensional antiferromagnets
• Spinon confinement and deconfinement in spin-1 chains
• Theoretical study of the spin and charge dynamics of two-leg ladders as probed by resonant inelastic x-ray scattering
• Heat Transport in Spin Chains with Weak Spin-Phonon Coupling
• Quasi-soliton scattering in quantum spin chains
• Quantum criticality of spinons
• Finite-temperature correlations in a quantum spin chain near saturation
• Quantum Critical Scaling for a Heisenberg Spin-$1/2$ Chain around Saturation
• Bound states and field-polarized Haldane modes in a quantum spin ladder
• Open XXZ chain and boundary modes at zero temperature
• Spin dynamics and exchange interactions in CuO measured by neutron scattering
• Probing quantum spin liquids with a quantum twisting microscope
• Quantifying entanglement with scattering experiments
• Magnetic excitation spectra of strongly correlated quasi-one dimensional systems: Heisenberg versus Hubbard-like behavior
• Emergent Potts Order in a Coupled Hexatic-Nematic XY model
• Numerical Investigation of Spin Excitations in a Doped Spin Chain
• Emergence of spinons in layered trimer iridate Ba4Ir3O10
• Control of Magnetic and Topological Orders with a DC Electric Field
• Spin Gap in the Single Spin-1/2 Chain Cuprate Sr${}_{1.9}$Ca${}_{0.1}$CuO${}_3$
• Frustration model and spin excitations in the helimagnet FeP
• A thermal form factor series for the longitudinal two-point function of the Heisenberg-Ising chain in the antiferromagnetic massive regime
• Field-driven quantum phase transitions in $S=1/2$ spin chains
• Magnetic excitations, non-classicality and quantum wake spin dynamics in the Hubbard chain
• Low-energy spin dynamics in rare-earth perovskite oxides
• Momentum-independent magnetic excitation continuum in the honeycomb iridate H${}_3$LiIr${}_2$O${}_6$
• Experimental observation of repulsively bound magnons
• Non-classical spin transfer effects in an antiferromagnet
• Is solid copper oxalate a spin chain or a mixture of entangled spin pairs?
• One dimensionalization in the spin-1 Heisenberg model on the anisotropic triangular lattice
• Unraveling higher-order corrections in the spin dynamics of RIXS spectra
• Mobile orbitons in Ca${}_2$CuO${}_3$: crucial role of the Hund's exchange
• Observing separate spin and charge Fermi seas in a strongly correlated one-dimensional conductor
• Gold-induced nanowires on the Ge(100) surface yield a 2D, and not a 1D electronic structure
• Quantum spin torque driven transmutation of antiferromagnetic Mott insulator
• Magnetic properties of S = 5/2 anisotropic triangular chain Bi3FeMo2O12
• Spectroscopic signatures of next-nearest-neighbor hopping in the charge and spin dynamics of doped one-dimensional antiferromagnets
• Modeling the spin-Peierls transition of spin-$1/2$ chains with correlated states: $J_1-J_2$ model, CuGeO${}_3$ and TTF-CuS${}_4$C${}_4$(CF${}_3$)${}_4$
• On the Dynamics of Free-Fermionic Tau-Functions at Finite Temperature
• The Saga of $\alpha$-RuCl${}_3$: Parameters, Models, and Phase Diagrams
• Electron Spin Resonance of the Interacting Spinon Liquid
• Spin and charge dynamics of a quasi-one-dimensional antiferromagnetic metal
• Symmetry-protected topological phases in two-leg SU(N) spin ladder with unequal spins
• Magnetic excitations in the one-dimensional Heisenberg-Ising model with external fields and their experimental realizations
• Multimagnon dynamics and thermalization in the $S=1$ easy-axis ferromagnetic chain
• High energy spin excitations in the quantum spin liquid candidate Zn-barlowite probed by resonant inelastic x-ray scattering
• Real-space imaging of dispersive triplon excitations in engineered quantum magnets
• Exploring Two-dimensional Coherent Spectroscopy with Exact Diagonalization: Spinons and Confinement in 1D Quantum Magnets
• Gapless to gapless phase transitions in quantum spin chains
• Spinon excitation spectra of the $J_1$-$J_2$ chain from analytical calculations in the dimer basis and exact diagonalization
• Dynamic magnetism in the disordered hexagonal double perovskite BaTi${}_{1/2}$Mn${}_{1/2}$O${}_3$
• Confinement of fractional excitations in a triangular lattice antiferromagnet
• Critical spin dynamics of Heisenberg ferromagnets revisited
• NMR, magnetization, and heat capacity studies of the uniform spin-1/2 chain compound Bi6V3O16
• Quantum phase transitions and string orders in the spin-1/2 Heisenberg-Ising alternating chain with Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction
• Correlations and incipient antiferromagnetic order within the linear Mn chains of metallic Ti${}_4$MnBi${}_2$
• Signatures for spinons in the quantum spin liquid candidate Ca${}_{10}$Cr${}_7$O${}_{28}$
• Exact dimer phase with anisotropic interaction for one dimensional magnets
• Computation of dynamical correlation functions of the spin-1 Babujan-Takhtajan chain
• Quantum spin chain as a potential realization of the Nersesyan-Tsvelik model
• First-principles characterization of the magnetic properties of Cu${}_2$(OH)${}_3$Br
• Low temperature magnetism of KAgF3
• Dimensional reduction by pressure in the magnetic framework material CuF${}_2$(D${}_2$O)${}_2$pyz: from spin-wave to spinon excitations
• From one- to two-magnon excitations in the S=3/2 magnet $\beta$-CaCr${}_2$O${}_4$
• Equivalence of Rashba-Hubbard and Hubbard chains
• Beyond perturbation theory: A time-dependent approach to inelastic scattering spectroscopies in- and away from equilibrium
• Experimental Evidences of Quantum Phase Transition in a Spin Cluster Compound
• Structural and magnetic properties of the new quantum magnet BaCuTe${}_2$O${}_6$
• Triplons, Magnons, and Spinons in a Single Quantum Spin System: SeCuO3
• A pedagogical introduction to quantum integrability, with a view towards theoretical high-energy physics
• Momentum-resolved time evolution with matrix product states
• BaCo${}_2$(AsO${}_4$)${}_2$: Strong Kitaev, After All
• Elastic constants and ultrasound attenuation in the spin-liquid phase of Cs${}_2$CuCl${}_4$
• Majorana Fermion Mean-Field Theories of Kitaev Quantum Spin Liquids
• Theory of electron-phonon interactions in extended correlated systems probed by resonant inelastic x-ray scattering
• Non-linear soliton confinement in weakly coupled antiferromagnetic spin chains
• Hydrodynamics of interacting spinons in the magnetized spin-$1/2$ chain with the uniform Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction
• Reconstructing the spatial structure of quantum correlations in materials
• Trimer classical spin liquid from interacting fractional charges
• Spinon continuum in the Heisenberg quantum chain compound Sr${}_2$V${}_3$O${}_9$
• Massive spinons in $S=1/2$ spin chains: spinon-pair operator representation
• Breakdown of Linear Spin-wave Theory and Existence of Spinon Bound States in the Frustrated Kagome Lattice Antiferromagnet
• Nature of Spinons in 1D Spin Chains
• Spin Seebeck Effect of Triangular-lattice Spin Supersolid
• Transition between heavy-fermion strange metal and quantum spin liquid in a 4d-electron trimer lattice
• Unveiling chiral states in the XXZ chain: Finite-size scaling probing symmetry-enriched $c=1$ conformal field theories
• The relevant excitations for the one-body function in the Lieb-Liniger model
• RVB signatures in the spin dynamics of the square-lattice Heisenberg antiferromagnet
• Spinon dynamics in quantum integrable antiferromagnets
• Confinement of many-body Bethe strings
• Excitonic transverse and amplitude fluctuations in the noncollinear and charge-ordered RbFe${}^{2+}$Fe${}^{3+}$F${}_6$
• Repulsively bound magnon excitations of a spin-1/2 XXZ chain in a staggered transverse field
• Asymptotics of correlation functions of the Heisenberg-Ising chain in the easy-axis regime
• String orders in the Luttinger liquid phase of one-dimensional spin-1/2 systems
• Dynamical structure factors in the nematic phase of frustrated ferromagnetic spin chains
• High-field spin-flop state in green dioptase
• The Future of the Correlated Electron Problem
• Detecting Confined and Deconfined Spinons in Dynamical Quantum Simulations
• Non-linear Transport by Bethe Bound States
• Dynamical exchange-correlation potential formalism for spin-$\frac{1}{2}$ Heisenberg and Hubbard chains: the antiferromagnetic/half-filled case
• Fractional Spin Quantum Hall Effect in Weakly Coupled Spin Chain Arrays
• High-temperature quantum coherence of spinons in a rare-earth spin chain
• Detection of anyon braiding through pump-probe spectroscopy
• Neutron scattering sum rules, symmetric exchanges, and helicoidal magnetism in MnSb${}_2$O${}_6$
• Weak three-dimensional coupling of Heisenberg quantum spin chains in SrCuTe${}_2$O${}_6$
• Thermodynamic limit of the two-spinon form factors for the zero field XXX chain
• Spin correlations in the frustrated ferro-antiferromagnet SrZnVO(PO4)2 near saturation
• Two-stage evolution of magnetic correlations in spiral spin liquid material, Ca${}_{10}$Cr${}_7$O${}_{28}$
• Physical and one-dimensional properties of single crystalline La${}_5$AgPb${}_3$
• Zigzag magnetic order in a novel tellurate compound Na${}_{4-\delta }$NiTeO${}_6$ with $S$ = 1 chains
• Hamiltonian Learning of Triplon Excitations in an Artificial Nanoscale Molecular Quantum Magnet
• SU($\mathbf{N}$) Kondo-Heisenberg chain: Phase diagram, Ising criticality, and the coexistence of heavy quasiparticles and valence bond solid order
• Emulation of quantum correlations by classical dynamics in a spin-1/2 Heisenberg chain
• Semiconductor nanodevices as a probe of strong electron correlations
• Theoretical analysis of multi-magnon excitations in resonant inelastic x-ray scattering spectra of two-dimensional antiferromagnets
• Staggered-flux state for rectangular-lattice spin 1/2 Heisenberg antiferromagnet
• Novel magnetic field tuning of quantum spin excitations in a weakly coupled $S=$1/2 Heisenberg spin chain as seen from NMR
• Persistence of Ising-like easy-axis spin correlations in the paramagnetic state of the spin-1 chain compound NiTe${}_2$O${}_5$
• Quantum spin liquid with 7 elementary particles
• Topological Aspects of Antiferromagnets
• High-temperature series expansion of the dynamic Matsubara spin correlator
• One-Dimensional Quantum Magnetism in the S = 1/2 Mo(V) system, KMoOP2O7
• Interaction effects of pseudospin-based magnetic monopoles and kinks in a doped dipolar superlattice gas
• Polarized Raman Response of Two-Dimensional Quasiperiodic Antiferromagnets: Configuration-Interaction versus Green's Function Approaches
• A $j_{\mathrm{eff}}=1/2$ pseudospinon continuum in CaIrO${}_3$
• Spinon band flattening by its emergent gauge field in quantum kagome ice
• Spin Seebeck effect of interacting spinons
• Fractional spin excitations and conductance in the spiral staircase Heisenberg ladder
• Impurity and soliton dynamics in a Fermi gas with nearest-neighbor interactions
• Confined and deconfined spinon excitations in the rectangular-lattice quantum antiferromagnet
• Form Factors of the Heisenberg Spin Chain in the Thermodynamic Limit: Dealing with Complex Bethe Roots
• Magnetic Scattering Chapter
• Stability of algebraic spin liquids coupled to quantum phonons
• One-dimensional physics of the frustrated quantum magnet PHCC
• From deconfined spinons to coherent magnons in an antiferromagnetic Heisenberg chain with long range interactions
• Observation of spin-conserving two-spinon continuum in the $S$=1/2 antiferromagnetic chain system Sr${}_2$CuO${}_3$ using Cu $K$-edge resonant inelastic x-ray scattering
• Nonlinear effects on charge fractionalization in critical chains
• Incommensurate magnetic order arising from frustrated interchain interactions in the spin-1/2 chain compound AgCuVO${}_4$
• Dispersion Relations in Two- and Three-Dimensional Quantum Systems
• Possibility to detect the bound state of the Heisenberg ferromagnetic chain at intermediate temperature
• Long-Range Order and Quantum Criticality in Antiferromagnetic Chains with Long-Range Staggered Interactions
• Emergent quasi-particles of spin-1 trimer chain
• Spin chain in magnetic field: limitations of the large-N mean-field theory
• Matrix Product Wave Function of the Ground State and Elementary Excitation in the Spin-1/2 Chain
• An integrated theoretical and numerical approach to understand modern experiments on quantum magnetism
• Hole-induced anomaly in the thermodynamic behavior of a one-dimensional Bose gas