Nitrogen and argon doping of niobium for superconducting radio frequency cavities: a pathway to highly efficient accelerating structures

Abstract

We report a surface treatment that systematically improves the quality factor of niobium radio frequency cavities beyond the expected limit for niobium. A combination of annealing in a partial pressure of nitrogen or argon gas and subsequent electropolishing of the niobium cavity surface leads to unprecedented low values of the microwave surface resistance, and an improvement in the efficiency of the accelerating structures up to a factor of 3, reducing the cryogenic load of superconducting cavities for both pulsed and continuous duty cycles. The field dependence of the surface resistance is reversed compared to standardly treated niobium.

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• Effect of high temperature heat treatments on the quality factor of a large-grain superconducting radio-frequency niobium cavity
• Proximity breakdown of hydrides in superconducting niobium cavities
• Dependence of the microwave surface resistance of superconducting niobium on the magnitude of the rf field
• Comment on Field-dependent surface resistance for superconducting niobium accelerating cavities
• Superconducting Surface Impedance under Radiofrequency Field

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