Modern and Future Colliders

Abstract

Since the initial development of charged particle colliders in the middle of the 20th century, these advanced scientific instruments have been at the forefront of scientific discoveries in high energy physics. Collider accelerator technology and beam physics have progressed immensely and modern facilities now operate at energies and luminosities many orders of magnitude greater than the pioneering colliders of the early 1960s. In addition, the field of colliders remains extremely dynamic and continues to develop many innovative approaches. Indeed, several novel concepts are currently being considered for designing and constructing even more powerful future colliders. In this paper, we first review the colliding beam method and the history of colliders, and then present the major achievements of operational machines and the key features of near-term collider projects that are currently under development. We conclude with an analysis of numerous proposals and studies for far-future colliders. The evaluation of their respective potentials reveals tantalizing prospects for further significant breakthroughs in the collider field.

65pages including references, 42 figures

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• Scattering wave packets of hadrons in gauge theories: Preparation on a quantum computer
• Report of the Snowmass 2021 Collider Implementation Task Force
• Searching for Supersymmetry: The $\mu \nu$SSM
• What can we learn about light-meson interactions at electron-positron colliders?
• Probing flavor constrained SMEFT operators through $tc$ production at the Muon collider
• Neutrino masses and magnetic moments of electron and muon in the Zee Model
• Decays of Higgs Bosons in the Standard Model and Beyond
• Spin-polarized electron beam generation in the colliding-pulse injection scheme
• Multi Higgs production via photon fusion at future multi-TeV muon colliders
• Smooth, homogeneous, high-purity Nb3Sn superconducting RF resonant cavity by seed-free electrochemical synthesis
• Colliding Pulse Injection of Polarized Electron Bunches in a Laser-Plasma Accelerator
• Constraining rare B decays by ${\mu }^{+}{\mu }^{-}\to tc$ at future lepton colliders
• High Gradient Testing of off-Axis Coupled C-band Cu and CuAg Accelerating Structures
• QED vacuum nonlinearity in Laguerre-Gauss beams
• Machine learning enabled fast evaluation of dynamic aperture for storage ring accelerators
• Generation of Ultrarelativistic Vortex Leptons with Large Orbital Angular Momenta
• Beam power scale-up in MEMS based multi-beam ion accelerators
• Transmutation of protons in a strong electromagnetic field
• Thermodynamic route of Nb3Sn nucleation: Role of oxygen
• Electron Beam Characterization of REBCO-Coated Conductors at Cryogenic Conditions
• Evaluation of radiative depolarization in the future Circular Electron-Positron Collider
• ZrNb(CO) RF superconducting thin film with high critical temperature in the theoretical limit
• Positron Driven High-Field Terahertz Waves in Dielectric Material
• Hydrodynamic description of the baryon-charged quark-gluon plasma
• CEPC Cost Model Study and Circumference Optimization
• Generation of arbitrarily polarized muon pairs via polarized $e^{-}{e}^{+}$ collision
• Signatures for strong-field QED in the quantum limit of beamstrahlung
• Testing the Froggatt-Nielsen Mechanism with Lepton Flavor and Number Violating Processes
• Lepton Flavor Violation: From Muon Decays to Muon Colliders
• GeV muon beams with picometer-class emittance from electron-photon collisions
• Angular momentum dynamics of vortex particles in accelerators
• Nanostructure Accelerators: Novel concept and path to its realization
• Signal Processing to Reduce Dark Noise Impact in Precision Timing
• Luminosity calibration by means of van-der-Meer scan for Q-Gaussian beams
• Novel Concept of Circular-Linear Energy Recovery Accelerator to Probe the Energy Frontier
• Positron sources: from conventional to advanced accelerator concepts-based colliders
• Anomalous pinch in electron-electron beam collision
• Thermal fluid closures and pressure anisotropies in numerical simulations of plasma wakefield acceleration
• Event shapes and Inclusive Hadron Spectra at FCC-ee energies
• Colliding and Fixed Target Mode in a Single Experiment -- A Novel Approach to Study the Matter under New Extreme Conditions
• Future High Energy Frontier Colliders