Formation of droplets with high baryon density at the QCD phase transition in expanding matter

Abstract

We consider the (3+1) dimensional expansion and cooling of the chirally-restored and deconfined matter at finite net-baryon densities as expected in heavy-ion collisions at moderate energies. In our approach, we consider chiral fields and the Polyakov loop as dynamical variables coupled to a medium represented by a quark-antiquark fluid. The interaction between the fields and the fluid leads to dissipation and noise, which in turn affect the field fluctuations. We demonstrate how inhomogeneities in the net-baryon density may form during an evolution through the spinodal region of the first-order phase transition. For comparison, the dynamics of transition through the crossover and critical end point is also considered.

14 pages, 4 figures

References in corpus (8)

• The order of the quantum chromodynamics transition predicted by the standard model of particle physics
• The Phase Structure of the Polyakov--Quark-Meson Model
• The phase structure of the Polyakov--quark-meson model beyond mean field
• Droplets in the cold and dense linear sigma model with quarks
• Chiral phase transition in the presence of spinodal decomposition
• Non-equilibrium phase transition in relativistic nuclear collisions: Importance of the equation of state
• Degrees of freedom and the phase transitions of two flavor QCD
• Hydrodynamical modeling of the deconfinement phase transition and explosive hadronization

Cited by in corpus (33)

• Beam energy dependence of moments of the net-charge multiplicity distributions in Au+Au collisions at RHIC
• Hydrodynamic Approaches in Relativistic Heavy Ion Reactions
• Light nuclei production as a probe of the QCD phase diagram
• Probing QCD critical fluctuations from light nuclei production in relativistic heavy-ion collisions
• Dynamical net-proton fluctuations near a QCD critical point
• Dynamically integrated transport approach for heavy-ion collisions at high baryon density
• A machine learning study to identify spinodal clumping in high energy nuclear collisions
• Correlated fluctuations near the QCD critical point
• Event simulation based on three-fluid hydrodynamics for collisions at energies available at the Dubna Nuclotron-based Ion Collider Facility and at the Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research in Darmstadt
• Net-baryon number variance and kurtosis within nonequilibrium chiral fluid dynamics
• Impact of resonance decays on critical point signals in net-proton fluctuations
• Spinodal instabilities of baryon-rich quark matter in heavy ion collisions
• Enhancement of elliptic flow can signal a first order phase transition in high energy heavy ion collisions
• Spinodal Instabilities of Baryon-Rich Quark-gluon Plasma in the PNJL Model
• Entropy production and reheating at the chiral phase transition
• The QCD Critical Point and Related Observables
• Effects of QCD critical point on light nuclei production
• Dilepton Signature of a First-Order Phase Transition
• Probing criticality with deep learning in relativistic heavy-ion collisions
• Broadening of the chiral critical region in a hydrodynamically expanding medium
• UrQMD Study of the Effects of Centrality Definitions on Higher Moments of Net Protons at RHIC
• Enhanced yield ratio of light nuclei in heavy ion collisions with a first-order QCD phase transition
• Entropy production in chemically non-equilibrium quark-gluon plasma created in central Pb+Pb collisions at LHC energies
• Phenomena at the QCD phase transition in nonequilibrium chiral fluid dynamics (N$\chi$FD)
• Net-proton number fluctuations in the presence of the QCD critical point
• Enhanced pion-to-proton ratio at the onset of the QCD phase transition
• Beam energy dependence of cumulants of the net-baryon, net-charge and deuteron multiplicity distributions in Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}=3.0-5.0$ GeV
• The equilibrium and dynamical cumulants of QCD chiral order parameter with parametric Landau free energy
• Net-proton number cumulant ratios as function of beam energy from an expanding nonequilibrium chiral fluid
• Probing the QCD phase structure using event-by-event fluctuations
• Dynamical formation of center domains in quark-gluon plasma
• Multiplicity fluctuations at the quark-hadron phase transition from a fluid dynamical model
• Cumulants of the chiral order parameter at lower RHIC energies