Quantum Cloning Machines and the Applications

Abstract

No-cloning theorem is fundamental for quantum mechanics and for quantum information science that states an unknown quantum state cannot be cloned perfectly. However, we can try to clone a quantum state approximately with the optimal fidelity, or instead, we can try to clone it perfectly with the largest probability. Thus various quantum cloning machines have been designed for different quantum information protocols. Specifically, quantum cloning machines can be designed to analyze the security of quantum key distribution protocols such as BB84 protocol, six-state protocol, B92 protocol and their generalizations. Some well-known quantum cloning machines include universal quantum cloning machine, phase-covariant cloning machine, the asymmetric quantum cloning machine and the probabilistic quantum cloning machine etc. In the past years, much progress has been made in studying quantum cloning machines and their applications and implementations, both theoretically and experimentally. In this review, we will give a complete description of those important developments about quantum cloning and some related topics. On the other hand, this review is self-consistent, and in particular, we try to present some detailed formulations so that further study can be taken based on those results.

arXiv comment98 pages, 12 figures, 400+ references. Physics Reports (published online)

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Cited by in corpus (50)

• Entropic uncertainty relations for multiple measurements
• Designing Quantum Router in IBM Quantum Computer
• Deterministic Local Expansion of W States
• Optimal compression for identically prepared qubit states
• Multiple phase estimation in quantum cloning machines
• Quantum cloning attacks against PUF-based quantum authentication systems
• Hadamard quantum broadcast channels
• Simultaneous Measurement of Two Quantum Observables: Compatibility, Broadcasting, and In-between
• The nonequilibrium cost of accurate information processing
• Deterministic superreplication of one-parameter unitary transformations
• Information-theoretic limitations on approximate quantum cloning and broadcasting
• Experimental demonstration of entanglement-enabled universal quantum cloning in a circuit
• Experimental creation of superposition of unknown photonic quantum states
• Cloning of Quantum Entanglement
• A prototype of quantum von Neumann architecture
• Quantum-state texture and gate identification
• Distribution of quantum Fisher information in asymmetric cloning machines
• Variational Quantum Cloning: Improving Practicality for Quantum Cryptanalysis
• High fidelity quantum cloning of two known nonorthogonal quantum states via weak measurement
• Unified quantum no-go theorems and transforming of quantum states in a restricted set
• Quantum deleting and cloning in a pseudo-unitary system
• Experimental hybrid quantum-classical reinforcement learning by boson sampling: how to train a quantum cloner
• Hyper-hybrid entanglement, indistinguishability, and two-particle entanglement swapping
• Asymmetric quantum multicast network coding: asymmetric optimal cloning over quantum networks
• Second law of thermodynamics with quantum memory
• Probing Quantum Telecloning on Superconducting Quantum Processors
• Quantum-phase synchronization
• Probabilistically Perfect Cloning of Two Pure States: A Geometric Approach
• Linear programming with unitary-equivariant constraints
• Encrypted Qubits can be Cloned
• Quantum Telecloning on NISQ Computers
• Approximate broadcasting of quantum correlations
• Quantum superreplication of states and gates
• Approximate quantum state reconstruction without a quantum channel
• Quantum Memory and Quantum Cloning in Atomic Frequency Comb
• Gossip Algorithms in Quantum Networks
• The Asymmetric Quantum Cloning Region
• Maximum Violation of Monogamy of Entanglement for Indistinguishable Particles by Measures that are Monogamous for Distinguishable Particles
• Optimized Telecloning Circuits: Theory and Practice of Nine NISQ Clones
• Entanglement-fluctuation relation for bipartite pure states
• On optimal cloning and incompatibility
• A simple formulation of no-cloning and no-hiding that admits efficient and robust verification
• Variational quantum cloning machine on an integrated photonic interferometer
• Comparing quantum incompatibility of device sets from an operational perspective
• Multicast quantum network coding as optimal symmetric universal cloning over a quantum network
• The roles of quantum correlations in quantum cloning
• Virtual Cloning of Quantum States
• Entanglement is indispensable for masking arbitrary set of quantum states
• Single Qubit Multi-Party Transmission Using Universal Symmetric Quantum Cloning
• State-Dependent Quantum Copying: an adaptive ancillary systems and its limitations