Nonlocality, Asymmetry, and Distinguishing Bipartite States

Abstract

Entanglement is an useful resource because some global operations cannot be locally implemented using classical communication. We prove a number of results about what is and is not locally possible. We focus on orthogonal states, which can always be globally distinguished. We establish the necessary and sufficient conditions for a general set of 2x2 quantum states to be locally distinguishable, and for a general set of 2xn quantum states to be distinguished given an initial measurement of the qubit. These results reveal a fundamental asymmetry to nonlocality, which is the origin of ``nonlocality without entanglement'', and we present a very simple proof of this phenomenon.

5 pages, 1 figure. Improved in line with referees comments, references added, typo corrected. To appear in Phys. Rev. Lett

References in corpus (4)

• Distinguishability of the Bell states
• Optimal local discrimination of two multipartite pure states
• Optimally Conclusive Discrimination of Non-orthogonal Entangled States Locally
• Nonlocal variables with product states eigenstates

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