Planets in Open Clusters Detectable by Kepler

Abstract

While hundreds of planets have been discovered around field stars, only a few are known in star clusters. To explain the lack of short-period giant planets in globular clusters (GC), such as 47 Tucane and ω Centauri, it has been suggested that their low metallicities may have prevented planet formation. Alternatively, the high rates of close stellar encounters in these clusters may have influenced the formation and subsequent evolution of planetary systems. How common are planets in clusters around normal main-sequence stars? Here we consider whether this question can be addressed using data from the Kepler mission. The Kepler field of view contains 4 low-density (relative to GCs) open clusters where the metallicities are about solar (or even higher) and stellar encounters are much less frequent than in typical GCs. We provide detailed $N$-body models and show that most planets in Kepler-detectable orbits are not significantly perturbed by stellar encounters in these open clusters. We focus on the most massive cluster, NGC 6791, which has super-solar metallicity, and find that if planets formed in this cluster at the same frequency as observed in the field, Kepler could detect 1 -- 20 transiting planets depending on the planet-size distribution and the duration of data collection. Due to the large distance to NGC 6791 Kepler will have to search relatively faint ($K_p<20$) stars for the full extended mission to achieve such a yield.

41 pages, 11 figures, 4 tables, Accepted by MNRAS

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Cited by in corpus (10)

• Origins of Hot Jupiters
• Cross Sections for Planetary Systems Interacting with Passing Stars and Binaries
• Close encounters involving free-floating planets in star clusters
• Vulcan Planets: Inside-Out Formation of the Innermost Super-Earths
• Hot Jupiters driven by high-eccentricity migration in globular clusters
• Detectability of Free Floating Planets in Open Clusters with JWST
• Planetary Architectures in Interacting Stellar Environments
• Habitability in the Omega Centauri Cluster
• Probing the Survival of Planetary Systems in Globular Clusters with Tidal Disruption Events
• Giant planet swaps during close stellar encounters