The Zurich Environmental Study (ZENS) of Galaxies in Groups along the Cosmic Web. I. Which Environment Affects Galaxy Evolution?

Abstract

The Zurich Environmental Study (ZENS) is based on a sample of ~1500 galaxy members of 141 groups in the mass range ~10^12.5-14.5 M_sun within the narrow redshift range 0.05<z<0.0585. ZENS adopts novel approaches, here described, to quantify four different galactic environments, namely: (1) the mass of the host group halo; (2) the projected halo-centric distance; (3) the rank of galaxies as central or satellites within their group halos; and (4) the filamentary large-scale structure (LSS) density. No self-consistent identification of a central galaxy is found in ~40% of <10^13.5 M_sun groups, from which we estimate that ~15% of groups at these masses are dynamically unrelaxed systems. Central galaxies in relaxed and unrelaxed groups have in general similar properties, suggesting that centrals are regulated by their mass and not by their environment. Centrals in relaxed groups have however ~30% larger sizes than in unrelaxed groups, possibly due accretion of small satellites in virialized group halos. At M>10^10 M_sun, satellite galaxies in relaxed and unrelaxed groups have similar size, color and (specific) star formation rate distributions; at lower galaxy masses, satellites are marginally redder in relaxed relative to unrelaxed groups, suggesting quenching of star formation in low-mass satellites by physical processes active in relaxed halos. Finally, relaxed and unrelated groups show similar stellar mass conversion efficiencies, peaking at halo masses around 10^12.5 M_sun. In the enclosed ZENS catalogue we publish all environmental diagnostics as well as the galaxy structural and photometric measurements described in companion ZENS papers II and III.

42 pages, 23 figures. Accepted by ApJ, Publication date September 20, 2013. Major change relative to submitted version: Entire ZENS sample reduced and analyzed, results based on entire sample, published ZENS catalog complete. To download the ZENS catalog, please follow the link under "Ancillary Files". The ZENS catalog is also available at: http://www.astro.ethz.ch/research/Projects/ZENS

References in corpus (32)

• Mass and environment as drivers of galaxy evolution in SDSS and zCOSMOS and the origin of the Schechter function
• The hierarchical formation of the brightest cluster galaxies
• A Cosmological Framework for the Co-Evolution of Quasars, Supermassive Black Holes, and Elliptical Galaxies: I. Galaxy Mergers & Quasar Activity
• Galaxy Groups in the SDSS DR4: I. The Catalogue and Basic Properties
• Detection of quiescent galaxies in a bicolor sequence from z=0-2
• Star formation efficiency in galaxy interactions and mergers: a statistical study
• The Importance of Satellite Quenching for the Build-Up of the Red Sequence of Present Day Galaxies
• Galaxy Groups in the SDSS DR4: II. halo occupation statistics
• Stellar and total baryon mass fractions in groups and clusters since redshift 1
• Towards a Concordant Model of Halo Occupation Statistics
• The Zurich Extragalactic Bayesian Redshift Analyzer (ZEBRA) and its first application: COSMOS
• On the Lack of Evolution in Galaxy Star Formation Efficiency
• The Galaxy Content of SDSS Clusters and Groups
• Dependence of Galaxy Quenching on Halo Mass and Distance from its Centre
• Environmental Effects on Satellite Galaxies: The Link Between Concentration, Size and Colour Profile
• The STAGES view of red spirals and dusty red galaxies: Mass-dependent quenching of star-formation in cluster infall
• The Correlation of Star Formation Quenching with Internal Galaxy Properties and Environment
• Groups and clusters of galaxies in the SDSS DR8. Value-added catalogues
• The Spitzer Spirals, Bridges, and Tails Interacting Galaxy Survey: Interaction-Induced Star Formation in the Mid-Infrared
• Structural Properties of Central Galaxies in Groups and Clusters
• Gas stripping in galaxy groups - the case of the starburst spiral NGC 2276
• Compact groups in theory and practice - III. Compact groups of galaxies in the Sixth Data Release of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey
• Galaxy Evolution in Hickson Compact Groups: The Role of Ram Pressure Stripping and Strangulation
• Groups of galaxies in the SDSS Data Release 5. A group-finder and a catalogue
• Old and young bulges in late-type disk galaxies
• Halo and Galaxy Formation Histories from the Millennium Simulation: Public release of a VO-oriented and SQL-queryable database for studying the evolution of galaxies in the LambdaCDM cosmogony
• The XMM Cluster Survey: The Stellar Mass Assembly of Fossil Galaxies
• Central and Satellite Colors in Galaxy Groups: A Comparison of the Halo Model and SDSS Group Catalogs
• The DEEP2 Galaxy Redshift Survey: The Voronoi-Delaunay Method catalog of galaxy groups
• The Zurich Environmental Study of Galaxies in Groups along the Cosmic Web. III. Galaxy Photometric Measurements and the Spatially-Resolved Color Properties of Early- and Late-Type Satellites in Diverse Environments
• The Zurich Environmental Study (ZENS) of Galaxies in Groups along the Cosmic Web. II. Galaxy Structural Measurements and the Concentration of Morphologically Classified Satellites in Diverse Environments
• Hot and Cold Galactic Gas in the NGC 2563 Galaxy Group

Cited by in corpus (55)

• The Green Valley is a Red Herring: Galaxy Zoo reveals two evolutionary pathways towards quenching of star formation in early- and late-type galaxies
• The Evolution of Galaxy Structure over Cosmic Time
• Tracing the cosmic web
• Evidence for Mature Bulges and an Inside-out Quenching Phase 3 Billion Years After the Big Bang
• Evolution of Density Profiles in High-z Galaxies: Compaction and Quenching Inside-Out
• Newly-quenched galaxies as the cause for the apparent evolution in average size of the population
• Flux- and volume-limited groups/clusters for the SDSS galaxies: catalogues and mass estimation
• The stellar mass-halo mass relation of isolated field dwarfs: a critical test of $\Lambda$CDM at the edge of galaxy formation
• The Dark Side of Galaxy Color
• Surface density effects in quenching: cause or effect?
• Two Conditions for Galaxy Quenching: Compact Centres and Massive Haloes
• The Dark Side of Galaxy Color: evidence from new SDSS measurements of galaxy clustering and lensing
• Quenching of Star Formation in SDSS Groups: Centrals, Satellites, and Galactic Conformity
• The MASSIVE Survey - VII. The Relationship of Angular Momentum, Stellar Mass and Environment of Early-Type Galaxies
• zCOSMOS 20k: Satellite galaxies are the main drivers of environmental effects in the galaxy population at least to z~0.7
• Observations of environmental quenching in groups in the 11 Gyr since z=2.5: different quenching for central and satellite galaxies
• Galaxy And Mass Assembly (GAMA): The galaxy luminosity function within the cosmic web
• The SINS/zC-SINF Survey of z~2 Galaxy Kinematics: Rest-frame Morphology, Structure, and Colors from Near-infrared Hubble Space Telescope Imaging
• The pre-processing of subhaloes in SDSS groups and clusters
• Predicting Galaxy Star Formation Rates via the Co-evolution of Galaxies and Halos
• The Colors of Central and Satellite Galaxies in zCOSMOS out to z ~ 0.8 and Implications for Quenching
• ZENS IV. Similar Morphological Changes associated with Mass- and Environment-Quenching, and the Relative importance of Bulge Growth versus the Fading of Disks
• Constraints on Quenching of $z\lesssim 2$ Massive Galaxies from the Evolution of the average Sizes of Star-Forming and Quenched Populations in COSMOS
• Evidence of pre-processing and a dependence on dynamical state for low-mass satellite galaxies
• Environmental dependence of the HI mass function in the ALFALFA 70% catalogue
• Measuring galaxy environments in large scale photometric surveys
• The RESOLVE Survey Atomic Gas Census and Environmental Influences on Galaxy Gas Reservoirs
• The KMOS Cluster Survey (KCS) I: The fundamental plane and the formation ages of cluster galaxies at redshift $1.4<z<1.6$
• The Zurich Environmental Study of Galaxies in Groups along the Cosmic Web. III. Galaxy Photometric Measurements and the Spatially-Resolved Color Properties of Early- and Late-Type Satellites in Diverse Environments
• Baryons in the CosmicWeb of IllustrisTNG -- II: the Connection among Galaxies, Halos, their Formation Time and their Location in the Cosmic Web
• Satellite Quenching, Galaxy Inner Density and the Halo Environment
• A Physical Approach to the Identification of High-z Mergers: Morphological Classification in the Stellar Mass Domain
• Investigating the Relation between Galaxy Properties and the Gaussianity of the Velocity Distribution of Groups and Clusters
• Group quenching and galactic conformity at low redshift
• On the evolution of the central density of quiescent galaxies
• Environmental dependence of the galaxy stellar mass function in the Dark Energy Survey Science Verification Data
• Wide-Field Optical Spectroscopy of Abell 133: A Search for Filaments Reported in X-ray Observations
• The growth of galactic bulges through mergers in LCDM haloes revisited. II. Morphological mix evolution
• RESOLVE and ECO: The Halo Mass-Dependent Shape of Galaxy Stellar and Baryonic Mass Functions
• The clustering of H$\beta$+[OIII] and [OII] emitters since $z\sim 5$: dependencies with line luminosity and stellar mass
• Connecting optical and X-ray tracers of galaxy cluster relaxation
• Red Misfits in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey: Properties of Star-forming Red Galaxies
• The KMOS Cluster Survey (KCS) III: fundamental plane of cluster galaxies at $z\simeq 1.80$ in JKCS 041
• The Zurich Environmental Study (ZENS) of Galaxies in Groups along the Cosmic Web. V. Properties and Frequency of Merging Satellites and Centrals in Different Environments
• Effects of galaxy environment on merger fraction
• SARCS strong lensing galaxy groups: I - optical, weak lensing, and scaling laws
• The Dearth of Difference between Central and Satellite Galaxies III. Environmental Dependence of Mass-Size and Mass-Structure Relations
• Stellar populations in superclusters of galaxies
• The dynamic stage of clusters and its influence on the stellar populations of galaxies
• On the reliability of photometric and spectroscopic tracers of halo relaxation
• The X-ray Zurich Environmental Study (X-ZENS). I. Chandra and XMM-Newton observations of AGNs in galaxies in nearby groups
• The X-Ray Zurich Environmental Study (X-ZENS). II. X-ray Observations of the Diffuse Intragroup Medium in Galaxy Groups
• "Observing" Unrelaxed Clusters in Dark Matter Simulations
• Measurable Relationship Between Bright Galaxies and Their Faint Companions in WHL J085910.0+294957, a Galaxy Cluster at z = 0.30: Vestiges of Infallen Groups?
• Properties of Barred Galaxies with the Environment: II. The case of the Cosmic Web around the Virgo cluster