Stationary Black Holes: Uniqueness and Beyond

Abstract

The spectrum of known black-hole solutions to the stationary Einstein equations has been steadily increasing, sometimes in unexpected ways. In particular, it has turned out that not all black-hole-equilibrium configurations are characterized by their mass, angular momentum and global charges. Moreover, the high degree of symmetry displayed by vacuum and electro-vacuum black-hole spacetimes ceases to exist in self-gravitating non-linear field theories. This text aims to review some developments in the subject and to discuss them in light of the uniqueness theorem for the Einstein-Maxwell system.

Major update of the original version by Markus Heusler from 1998. Piotr T. Chruściel and João Lopes Costa succeeded to this review's authorship. Significantly restructured and updated all sections; changes are too numerous to be usefully described here. The number of references increased from 186 to 329

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• Higher dimensional Reissner-Nordström black holes supporting static scalar shells
• Pseudospectrum of Reissner-Nordström black holes: quasinormal mode instability and universality
• Novel black holes with scalar hair in the Einstein-Maxwell-Scalar Theory with positive coupling
• Abelian instantons over the Chen-Teo AF geometry
• Tachyonic Instability of Reissner-Nordström-Melvin Black Holes in Einstein-Maxwell-Scalar Theory
• Extremally charged line
• Deforming black holes with even multipolar differential rotation boundary
• A geometric invariant characterising initial data for the Kerr-Newman spacetime
• Deforming black holes with odd multipolar differential rotation boundary
• Fundamental Concepts
• Scalarized Black Holes
• Black Hole and Equipotential Photon Surface Uniqueness in 4-dimensional Asymptotically Flat Electrostatic Electro-Vacuum Spacetimes
• Vacuum Petrov type D horizons of non-trivial $U(1)$ bundle structure over Riemann surfaces with genus $>0$
• Numerical parameterization of stationary axisymmetric black holes in a theory agnostic framework
• No-hair and almost-no-hair results for static axisymmetric black holes and ultracompact objects in astrophysical environments
• Toroidal black holes in four dimensions
• GW250114 reveals black hole horizon signatures
• Matter environments around black holes: geodesics, light rings, and ultracompact configurations
• Using thermodynamics to learn gravitational wave physics
• On the Photon Motion Near a Five-Dimensional Schwarzschild Black Hole
• Oblique magnetic fields and the role of frame dragging
• Testing the Kerr black hole hypothesis with RELXILL_NK
• A2: Mathematical relativity and other progress in classical gravity theory - a session report
• Exact Spinning Morris-Thorne Wormhole: Causal Structure, Shadows, and Multipole Moments
• Kerr-Schild transformation of the Benenti-Francaviglia metric
• Scattering by deformed black holes
• There and back again: Outspiraling motion in non-Kerr compact objects
• Resonances, black hole mimickers and the greenhouse effect: consequences for gravitational-wave physics
• Lectures on the Bondi--Metzner--Sachs group and related topics in infrared physics
• Luminosity of accretion disks in compact objects with quadrupole
• Extrinsic black hole uniqueness in pure Lovelock gravity
• Effect of primary scalar hair on black hole's strong lensing in Beyond Horndeski Gravity
• Electric Multipole Fields of Higher-Dimensional Massive Bodies
• Regularity and temperature of stationary black hole event horizons
• Testing General Relativity with Black Hole X-Ray Data and ABHModels
• Deforming charged black holes with dipolar differential rotation boundary
• Effective Field Theory of Hairy Black Holes and Their flat/dS limit
• Black holes and their horizons in semiclassical and modified theories of gravity
• Testing general relativity with X-ray reflection spectroscopy of MCG-06-30-15
• Lie point symmetries of near-horizon geometry equation
• Soliton methods and the black hole balance problem
• On the nature of the black hole information problem
• Shaving off soft hairs and the black hole image memory effect