The Polyakov loop and the hadron resonance gas model

Abstract

The Polyakov loop has been used repeatedly as an order parameter in the deconfinement phase transition in QCD. We argue that, in the confined phase, its expectation value can be represented in terms of hadronic states, similarly to the hadron resonance gas model for the pressure. Specifically, L(T) \approx 1/2\sum_αg_α\,e^(-Δ_α/T), where g_αare the degeneracies and Δ_αare the masses of hadrons with exactly one heavy quark (the mass of the heavy quark itself being subtracted). We show that this approximate sum rule gives a fair description of available lattice data with N_f=2+1 for temperatures in the range 150MeV<T<190MeV with conventional meson and baryon states from two different models. For temperatures below 150MeV different lattice results disagree. One set of data can be described if exotic hadrons are present in the QCD spectrum while other sets do not require such states.

5 pages, 4 figures. Error in normalization corrected. Excited states included. Substantially revised

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• Confinement and Z_3 symmetry in three-flavor QCD
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• Polyakov-Nambu-Jona-Lasinio phase diagrams and quarkyonic phase from order parameters
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• Reparametrizing the Polyakov$-$Nambu$-$Jona-Lasinio model
• The Polyakov loop in various representations in the confined phase of QCD
• The role of the thermal $f_0(500)$ in chiral symmetry restoration
• Thermodynamics of strongly interacting matter in a hybrid model
• An overview of (selected) recent results in finite-temperature lattice QCD
• Quark Number Susceptibility : Revisited with Fluctuation-Dissipation Theorem in mean field theories
• Equation of state and transition temperatures in the quark-hadron hybrid model
• Probing the Holographic Fermi Arc with scalar field: Numerical and analytical study
• Nonextensive thermodynamics with finite chemical potentials and protoneutron stars
• Finite temperature properties of a modified Polyakov$-$Nambu$-$Jona-Lasinio model
• Chiral phase transition and kaon-to-pion ratios in the entanglement SU(3) PNJL model
• Heavy quark-antiquark free energy and thermodynamics of string-hadron avoided crossings
• Polyakov loop spectroscopy in the confined phase of gluodynamics and QCD
• Single quark entropy and the Polyakov loop
• Crossover-model approach to QCD phase diagram, equation of state and susceptibilities in the 2+1 and 2+1+1 flavor systems
• Imprint of chiral symmetry restoration on the Polyakov loop and the heavy quark free energy
• Constituent Quarks and Gluons, Polyakov loop and the Hadron Resonance Gas Model
• Quark-diquark string tension, excited baryonic resonances and thermal fluctuations
• Thermodynamic characterizations of exotic and missing states
• Fluctuations and correlations in thermal QCD
• Heavy $\bar{Q}Q$ free energy from hadronic states
• Heavy Quark Coupled Channel Dynamics from Thermal Shifts