Thermal Pure Quantum States at Finite Temperature

Abstract

An equilibrium state can be represented by a pure quantum state, which we call a thermal pure quantum (TPQ) state. We propose a new TPQ state and a simple method of obtaining it. A single realization of the TPQ state suffices for calculating all statistical-mechanical properties, including correlation functions and genuine thermodynamic variables, of a quantum system at finite temperature.

5 pages, 3 figures, A shortened version will appear in Phys. Rev. Lett

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