Universal Property of Quantum Measurements of Equilibrium Fluctuations and Violation of Fluctuation-Dissipation Theorem

Abstract

For macroscopic quantum systems, we study what are measured when equilibrium fluctuations of macrovariables are measured in an ideal way that mimics classical ideal measurements as closely as possible. We find that the symmetrized time correlation (symTC) is always obtained for such measurements. As an important consequence, we show that the fluctuation-dissipation theorem (FDT) is partially violated as a relation between observed quantities in macroscopic quantum systems even if measurements are made in such an ideal way.

5 pages, no figure. v4: Title is changed. For readability, several results have been moved to Supplemental Material where more detailed discussions are given. This version will be published in PRL

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Cited by in corpus (5)

• From Linear to Nonlinear Responses of Thermal Pure Quantum States
• Quantum Violation of Fluctuation-Dissipation Theorem
• Macroscopic Quantum Violation of Fluctuation-Dissipation Theorem in Equilibrium
• Key Observable for Linear Thermalization
• Robustness of equilibrium off-diagonal current fluctuation against localization of electron states in macroscopic two-dimensional systems