Typical fast thermalization processes in closed many-body systems

Abstract

Lack of knowledge about the detailed many-particle motion on the microscopic scale is a key issue in any theoretical description of a macroscopic experiment. For systems at or close to thermal equilibrium, statistical mechanics provides a very successful general framework to cope with this problem. Far from equilibrium, only very few quantitative and comparably universal results are known. Here, a new quantum mechanical prediction of this type is derived and verified against various experimental and numerical data from the literature. It quantitatively describes the entire temporal relaxation towards thermal equilibrium for a large class (in a mathematically precisely defined sense) of closed many-body systems, whose initial state may be arbitrarily far from equilibrium.

References in corpus (16)

• Thermalization and its mechanism for generic isolated quantum systems
• Breakdown of thermalization in finite one-dimensional systems
• Foundation of Statistical Mechanics under experimentally realistic conditions
• Interaction Quench in the Hubbard model
• Exact relaxation in a class of non-equilibrium quantum lattice systems
• Strong and weak thermalization of infinite non-integrable quantum systems
• Absence of Thermalization in Nonintegrable Systems
• Typicality for Generalized Microcanonical Ensembles
• Proof of the Ergodic Theorem and the H-Theorem in Quantum Mechanics
• Long-Time Behavior of Macroscopic Quantum Systems: Commentary Accompanying the English Translation of John von Neumann's 1929 Article on the Quantum Ergodic Theorem
• Exploring local quantum many-body relaxation by atoms in optical superlattices
• Generalization of von Neumann's Approach to Thermalization
• Concentration of measure for quantum states with a fixed expectation value
• Relaxation dynamics of a Fermi gas in an optical superlattice
• General relaxation time of the fidelity for isolated quantum thermodynamic systems
• On the Basis of Quantum Statistical Mechanics

Cited by in corpus (109)

• Thermalization and prethermalization in isolated quantum systems: a theoretical overview
• The Eigenstate Thermalization Hypothesis and Out of Time Order Correlators
• Thouless and relaxation time scales in many-body quantum systems
• Many-Body Localization in the Age of Classical Computing
• Eigenstate Thermalization Hypothesis and Free Probability
• Probing many-body quantum chaos with quantum simulators
• Quantum coarse-grained entropy and thermalization in closed systems
• Thermalization and Return to Equilibrium on Finite Quantum Lattice Systems
• Accuracy of the finite-temperature Lanczos method compared to simple typicality-based estimates
• Entanglement-ergodic quantum systems equilibrate exponentially well
• Real-time broadening of non-equilibrium density profiles and the role of the specific initial-state realization
• Speed Limits for Macroscopic Transitions
• Equilibration time scales in closed many-body quantum systems
• Dynamical signatures of quantum chaos and relaxation timescales in a spin-boson system
• Bounds in Nonequilibrium Quantum Dynamics
• Random State Technology
• Thermalization and Heating Dynamics in Open Generic Many-Body Systems
• Typicality of Prethermalization
• Equilibration towards generalized Gibbs ensembles in non-interacting theories
• Test of Eigenstate Thermalization Hypothesis Based on Local Random Matrix Theory
• Self-averaging in many-body quantum systems out of equilibrium: Chaotic systems
• Atypicality of Most Few-Body Observables
• Equilibration time in many-body quantum systems
• Classicality, Markovianity and local detailed balance from pure state dynamics
• Quantum Chaotic Fluctuation-Dissipation Theorem: Effective Brownian Motion in Closed Quantum Systems
• Impact of eigenstate thermalization on the route to equilibrium
• Degenerate observables and the many Eigenstate Thermalization Hypotheses
• Real-Time Dynamics of Typical and Untypical States in Non-Integrable Systems
• Self-averaging in many-body quantum systems out of equilibrium. II. Approach to the localized phase
• Dynamical quantum ergodicity from energy level statistics
• Relaxation, thermalization and Markovian dynamics of two spins coupled to a spin bath
• Typical Relaxation of Isolated Many-Body Systems Which Do Not Thermalize
• Detection and characterization of Many-Body Localization in Central Spin Models
• Asymptotic Quantum Many-Body Scars
• Mechanism of slow equilibration of isolated quantum systems
• Eigenstate Thermalization Hypothesis and Quantum Jarzynski Relation for Pure Initial States
• Emergence of many-body quantum chaos via spontaneous breaking of unitarity
• Signatures of chaos and thermalization in the dynamics of many-body quantum systems
• Quantum quench dynamics in the transverse-field Ising model: A numerical expansion in linked rectangular clusters
• Universal fluctuations around typicality for quantum ergodic systems
• Experimental realization of the classical Dicke model
• Observation of a finite-energy phase transition in a one-dimensional quantum simulator
• Random-matrix behavior of quantum nonintegrable many-body systems with Dyson's three symmetries
• Transportless equilibration in isolated many-body quantum systems
• Signatures of quantum chaos in low-energy mixtures of few fermions
• Equilibration times in closed quantum many-body systems
• Necessity of eigenstate thermalization for equilibration towards unique expectation values when starting from generic initial states
• Microcanonical windows on quantum operators
• Condensation and thermalization of an easy-plane ferromagnet in a spinor Bose gas
• Equilibration of isolated many-body quantum systems with respect to general distinguishability measures
• Total correlations of the diagonal ensemble as a generic indicator for ergodicity breaking in quantum systems
• Exact universal bounds on quantum dynamics and fast scrambling
• Stiffness of Probability Distributions of Work and Jarzynski Relation for Non-Gibbsian Initial States
• Fluctuations of subsystem entropies at late times
• Density dynamics in the mass-imbalanced Hubbard chain
• Speed limit for open systems coupled to general environments
• Relation between far-from-equilibrium dynamics and equilibrium correlation functions for binary operators
• Dynamical typicality of embedded quantum systems
• Taking snapshots of a quantum thermalization process: emergent classicality in quantum jump trajectories
• Thermalization of Yang-Mills theory in a $(3+1)$ dimensional small lattice system
• Classical Lieb-Robinson Bound for Estimating Equilibration Timescales of Isolated Quantum Systems
• Sudden removal of a static force in a disordered system: Induced dynamics, thermalization, and transport
• Ergodicity probes: using time-fluctuations to measure the Hilbert space dimension
• $N$-Scaling of Timescales in Long-Range $N$-Body Quantum Systems
• Eigenstate Fluctuation Theorem in the Short and Long Time Regimes
• Estimation of equilibration time scales from nested fraction approximations
• Universal equilibration dynamics of the Sachdev-Ye-Kitaev model
• What it takes to shun equilibration
• Temporal relaxation of gapped many-body quantum systems
• Quantum Velocity Limits for Multiple Observables: Conservation Laws, Correlations, and Macroscopic Systems
• Decoherence of a singlet-triplet superposition state under dipolar interactions of an uncorrelated environment
• Heat bath in a quantum circuit
• Long-time relaxation of a finite spin bath linearly coupled to a qubit
• Universal Upper Bound on Ergotropy and No-Go Theorem by the Eigenstate Thermalization Hypothesis
• Thermalization propagation front and robustness against avalanches in localized systems
• Stability of Quantum Dynamics under Constant Hamiltonian Perturbations
• Relaxation to Gaussian Generalized Gibbs Ensembles in Quadratic Bosonic Systems in the Thermodynamic Limit
• Finite-size scaling of typicality-based estimates
• Modelling equilibration of local many-body quantum systems by random graph ensembles
• Time-dependent Neural Galerkin Method for Quantum Dynamics
• Simulating quantum thermodynamics of a finite system and bath with variable temperature
• Stiffness of Probability Distributions of Work and Jarzynski Relation for Initial Microcanonical and Energy Eigenstates
• Prethermalization in the PXP Model under Continuous Quasiperiodic Driving
• Quantum Enhancement of Thermalization
• Typical thermalization of low-entanglement states
• Internal temperature of quantum chaotic systems at the nanoscale and its detection by a microscopic thermometer
• Typical equilibrium state of an embedded quantum system
• New equilibrium ensembles for isolated quantum systems
• Equilibration of Isolated Systems: investigating the role of coarse-graining on the initial state magnetization
• Quantum thermalization must occur in translation-invariant systems at high temperature
• Stable Collective Dynamics of Two-Level Systems Coupled by Dipole Interactions
• Estimate of equilibration times of quantum correlation functions in the thermodynamic limit based on Lanczos coefficients
• Persistent many-body quantum echoes
• Quantum Thermalization via Travelling Waves
• Prethermalization for Deformed Wigner Matrices
• Typical Positivity of Nonequilibrium Entropy Production for Pure States
• Long-lived non-thermal states in pumped one-dimensional systems of hard-core bosons
• Theorems on Entanglement Typicality in Non-equilibrium Dynamics
• Hierarchy of timescales in a disordered spin-$1/2$ XX ladder
• Many-body eigenstate thermalization from one-body quantum chaos: emergent arrow of time
• Typical Gaussian Quantum Information
• Random-matrix approach to time-dependent forcing in many-body quantum systems
• Nontrivial damping of magnetization currents in perturbed spin chains
• Asymmetric temperature equilibration with heat flow from cold to hot in a quantum thermodynamic system
• On a Matrix Ensemble for Arbitrary Complex Quantum Systems
• Theoretical study on thermalization in isolated quantum systems
• Quasi adiabatic dynamics of energy eigenstates for solvable quantum system at finite temperature
• Pure states statistical mechanics: On its foundations and applications to quantum gravity
• On the difference between thermalization in open and isolated quantum systems: a case study