Thermalization under randomized local Hamiltonians

Abstract

Recently, there have been significant new insights concerning conditions under which closed systems equilibrate locally. The question if subsystems thermalize---if the equilibrium state is independent of the initial state---is however much harder to answer in general. Here, we consider a setting in which thermalization can be addressed: A quantum quench under a Hamiltonian whose spectrum is fixed and basis is drawn from the Haar measure. If the Fourier transform of the spectral density is small, almost all bases lead to local equilibration to the thermal state with infinite temperature. This allows us to show that, under almost all Hamiltonians that are unitarily equivalent to a local Hamiltonian, it takes an algebraically small time for subsystems to thermalize.

published version

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