Skyrme crystal in bilayer and multilayer graphene

Abstract

The ground state of the two-dimensional electron systems in Bernal bilayer and ABC-stacked multilayer graphenes in the presence of a strong magnetic field is investigated with the Hartree-Fock approximation. Phase diagrams of the systems are obtained, focusing on charge density wave states including states with vortices of valley pseudospins (called a Skyrme crystal). The single-electron states in these stacked graphenes are given by two-component wave functions. That of the first excited Landau level has the same component as the lowest Landau level of the ordinary two-dimensional electrons. Because of this localized wave functions, the Skyrme crystal has low energy in this first excited level up to four layers of graphene, when the inter-layer distance is assumed to be infinitesimal. At the same time, bubble crystals are suppressed, so the phase diagram is different from that of a single-layer graphene.

8 pages, 8 figures

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Cited by in corpus (7)

• New Dirac points and multiple Landau level crossings in biased trilayer graphene
• Wigner crystal phases in bilayer graphene
• Multicomponent Skyrmion lattices and their excitations
• Competition between fractional quantum Hall liquid and electron solid phases in the Landau levels of multilayer graphene
• Transport gap and hysteretic behavior of the Ising quantum Hall ferromagnets in Landau levels $\left|N\right|>0$ of bilayer graphene
• Ising quantum Hall ferromagnetism in Landau levels $\left|N\right|\ge 1$ of bilayer graphene
• Nuclear magnetic resonance line shapes of Wigner crystals in ${}^{13}$C-enriched graphene