Integrated quantized electronics: a semiconductor quantized voltage source

Abstract

The Josephson effect in superconductors links a quantized output voltage Vout = f \cdot(h/2e) to the natural constants of the electron's charge e, Planck's constant h, and to an excitation frequency f with important applications in electrical quantum metrology. Also semiconductors are routinely applied in electrical quantum metrology making use of the quantum Hall effect. However, despite their broad range of further applications e.g. in integrated circuits, quantized voltage generation by a semiconductor device has never been obtained. Here we report a semiconductor quantized voltage source generating quantized voltages Vout = f\cdot(h/e). It is based on an integrated quantized circuit of a single electron pump operated at pumping frequency f and a quantum Hall device monolithically integrated in series. The output voltages of several \muV are expected to be scalable by orders of magnitude using present technology. The device might open a new route towards the closure of the quantum metrological triangle. Furthermore it represents a universal electrical quantum reference allowing to generate quantized values of the three most relevant electrical units of voltage, current, and resistance based on fundamental constants using a single device.

15 pages, 3 figures

References in corpus (6)

• Towards a quantum representation of the ampere using single electron pumps
• Single-parameter non-adiabatic quantized charge pumping
• Robust single-parameter quantized charge pumping
• Single-parameter quantized charge pumping in high magnetic fields
• Generation of energy selective excitations in quantum Hall edge states
• Synchronized single electron emission from dynamical quantum dots

Cited by in corpus (21)

• Single-electron current sources: towards a refined definition of ampere
• Non-adiabatic quantized charge pumping with tunable-barrier quantum dots: a review of current progress
• Gigahertz quantized charge pumping in graphene quantum dots
• Counting statistics for electron capture in a dynamic quantum dot
• Quantum Metrology Triangle Experiments: A Status Review
• Fractionalization of minimal excitations in integer quantum Hall edge channels
• Levitons for electron quantum optics
• Quantum heat fluctuations of single particle sources
• Charge Pumping Through a Single Donor Atom
• Taming electronic decoherence in 1D chiral ballistic quantum conductors
• Partition of Two Interacting Electrons by a Potential Barrier
• Two-electron coherence and its measurement in electron quantum optics
• Time-dependent quantum transport through an interacting quantum dot beyond sequential tunneling: second-order quantum rate equations
• Non-adiabatic single-electron pump in a dopant-free GaAs/AlGaAs 2DEG
• Nonequilibrium charge transport through Falicov-Kimball structures connected to metallic leads
• Dynamics of a single-atom electron pump
• A unified realization of electrical quantities from the quantum International System of Units
• Towards quantized current arbitrary waveform synthesis
• Floquet scattering matrix approach to the phase noise of a single-electron source in the adiabatic regime
• Controlling the error mechanism in a tunable-barrier non-adiabatic charge pump by dynamic gate compensation
• Suppression of back-tunnelling events in hybrid single-electron turnstiles by source-drain bias modulation