Explosive Outflows Powered by the Decay of Non-Hierarchical Multiple Systems of Massive Stars: Orion BN/KL

Abstract

The explosive BN/KL outflow emerging from OMC1 behind the Orion Nebula may have been powered by the dynamical decay of a non-hierarchical multiple system $\sim$500 years ago that ejected the massive stars I, BN, and source n, with velocities of about 10 to 30 km s${}^{-1}$. New proper motion measurements of H${}_2$ features show that within the errors of measurement, the outflow originated from the site of stellar ejection. Combined with published data, these measurements indicate an outflow age of $\sim$500 years, similar to the time since stellar ejection. The total kinetic energy of the ejected stars and the outflow is about 2 to $6\times 10^{47}$ ergs. It is proposed that the gravitational potential energy released by the formation of a short-period binary, most likely source I, resulted in stellar ejection and powered the outflow. A scenario is presented for the formation of a compact, non-hierarchical multiple star system, its decay into an ejected binary and two high-velocity stars, and launch of the outflow. Three mechanisms may have contributed to the explosion in the gas: (i) Unbinding of the circum-cluster envelope following stellar ejection, (ii) disruption of circumstellar disks and high-speed expulsion of the resulting debris during the final stellar encounter, and (iii) the release of stored magnetic energy. Plausible proto-stellar disk end envelope properties can produce the observed outflow mass, velocity, and kinetic energy distributions. The ejected stars may have acquired new disks by fall-back or Bondi-Hoyle accretion with axes roughly orthogonal to their velocities. The expulsion of gas and stars from OMC1 may have been driven by stellar interactions.

36 pages, 7 figures, 2 tables

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Cited by in corpus (79)

• An ALMA study of the Orion Integral Filament: I. Evidence for narrow fibers in a massive cloud
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• Disk-Driven Rotating Bipolar Outflow in Orion Source I
• Herschel observations of EXtra-Ordinary Sources: Analysis of the HIFI 1.2 THz Wide Spectral Survey Toward Orion KL I. Methods
• HAWC+/SOFIA Multiwavelength Polarimetric Observations of OMC-1
• SPIRITS: Uncovering Unusual Infrared Transients With Spitzer
• The ALMA View of the OMC1 Explosion in Orion
• A Keplerian disk around Orion Source I, a ~15 Msun YSO
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• Tearing the Veil: interaction of the Orion Nebula with its neutral environment
• Dense gas kinematics and a narrow filament in the Orion A OMC1 region using NH3
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• ALMA observations of a misaligned binary protoplanetary disk system in Orion
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• Acetone in Orion BN/KL - High-resolution maps of a special oxygen-bearing molecule
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• ALMA Observations of Orion Source I at 350 and 660 GHz
• A 1.3 cm Line Survey toward Orion KL
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• A 10,000 Years Old Explosion in DR21
• ALMA observations of the outflow from the Source I in the Orion-KL region
• Stellar Proper Motions in the Orion Nebula Cluster
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• The APEX-CHAMP+ view of the Orion Molecular Cloud 1 core - Constraining the excitation with submillimeter CO multi-line observations
• HST/WFC3 Imaging of Protostellar Jets in Carina: [Fe II] Emission Tracing Massive Jets from Intermediate Mass Protostars
• New Evidence for the Dynamical Decay of a Multiple System in the Orion Kleinmann-Low Nebula
• High-resolution EVLA image of dimethyl ether (CH${}_3$)${}_2$O in Orion--KL
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• Outflows, Dusty Cores, and a Burst of Star Formation in the North America and Pelican Nebulae
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• J-comb: An image fusion algorithm to combine observations covering different spatial frequency ranges
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• ALMA Observations of Ethyl Formate toward Orion KL
• Mid-J CO emission from the Orion BN/KL explosive outflow
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• Confirming the Explosive Dispersal Outflow in DR21 with ALMA
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• The distribution of deuterated formaldehyde within Orion-KL
• Modelling the CO streamers in the explosive ejection of Orion BN/KL region
• APEX survey of interstellar HCl: ${}^{35}$Cl/${}^{37}$Cl isotopic ratios in dense cores and outflows