Searches for the role of spin and polarization in gravity

Abstract

Spin is fundamental in physics. Gravitation is universal. Searches for the role of spin in gravitation dated before the firm establishment of the electron spin in 1925. Since mass and spin or helicity in the case of zero mass are the only invariants of the Poincare group and mass participates in universal gravitation, these searches are natural steps to pursue. Here we review both the theoretical and experimental efforts in searching for the role of spin/polarization in gravitation. We discuss torsion, Poincare gauge theories, teleparallel theories, metric-affine connection theories and pseudoscalar (axion) theories. We discuss laboratory searches for electron and nucleus spin-couplings -- the weak equivalence principle experiments for polarized-bodies, the finite-range spin-coupling experiments, the spin-spin coupling experiments and the cosmic-spin coupling experiments. The role played by angular momentum and rotation is explicitly discussed. We discuss astrophysical and cosmological searches for photon polarization coupling. Investigation in the implications and interrelations of equivalence principles led to a possible pseudoscalar or vector interaction, and led to the proposal of WEP II (Weak Equivalence Principle II) which include rotation in the universal free-fall motion. Evidences for WEP II are discussed and compiled.

56 pages, 7 figures, 7 tables, invited review accepted for Reports on Progress of Physics

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Cited by in corpus (71)

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• Axion Dark Matter Detection with CMB Polarization
• Testing gravity with cold atom interferometry: Results and prospects
• Test of the universality of free fall with atoms in different spin Orientations
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• Constraining spacetime torsion with the Moon and Mercury
• Search for spin-dependent gravitational interactions at the Earth range
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• Addressing $H_0$ tension with emergent dark radiation in unitary gravity
• A dual-isotope rubidium comagnetometer to search for anomalous long-range spin-mass (spin-gravity) couplings of the proton
• Gravity Probe Spin: Prospects for measuring general-relativistic precession of intrinsic spin using a ferromagnetic gyroscope
• Analytical approach of late-time evolution in a torsion cosmology
• Minimal coupling in presence of non-metricity and torsion
• Einstein-Cartan Gravity with Torsion Field Serving as Origin for Cosmological Constant or Dark Energy Density
• Searches for beyond-Riemann gravity
• How does light move in a generic metric-affine background?
• Spacetime structure and asymmetric metric from the premetric formulation of electromagnetism
• Physics of the cosmic microwave background anisotropy
• Spin-axion coupling
• Constraining Spacetime Nonmetricity with Neutron Spin Rotation in Liquid He-4
• Cosmic Polarization Rotation: an Astrophysical Test of Fundamental Physics
• Skewon field and cosmic wave propagation
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• Geometric multipliers and partial teleparallelism in Poincaré gauge theory
• Lorentz Violation of the Photon Sector in Field Theory Models
• Challenges Confronting Superluminal Neutrino Models
• New Chance for Researches on Lorentz Violation
• Gravity: a gauge theory perspective
• New perspective on space and time from Lorentz violation
• Stability of self-accelerating Universe in modified gravity with dynamical torsion: the case of small background torsion
• Quantum hydrodynamics of spinning particles in electromagnetic and torsion fields
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